环杭州湾城市群土地利用的空间冲突与复杂性

doi:10.11821/dlyj201509003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地利用的空间冲突与复杂性研究可为土地利用空间管控提供理论依据和实践支撑。以环杭州湾城市群1990年、2000年、2008年和2013年四期遥感影像为例,分析土地利用系统复杂性、脆弱性及动态性,计算空间冲突综合指数。结果表明：土地利用空间冲突等级表现为一般冲突>中度冲突>轻度冲突>重度冲突;空间冲突的空间格局呈现团状、块状及带状聚集模式分布,具有明显的梯度特征;随着时间的推移,空间冲突的空间自相关性减弱,并具有明显的边缘效应。研究区土地利用空间冲突表现为均衡→打破原有均衡→出现空间自相关→出现空间趋势→形成空间自组织的演变规律。土地利用空间冲突从多核心向单核心模式发展,区域发展水平较高且发展趋于均衡。

关键词: 土地利用, 空间冲突, 复杂性, 时空分异, 尺度识别, 环杭州湾城市群

Abstract:

Land use conflicts are important and a concern for urban managers, especially in a rapid urbanization areas. Managers need to understand land use conflicts better so that they could make optimal decisions on land use allocations and conflict management. However, land use conflicts are complicated. With the rapid urbanization process, the land spatial configuration of contradictory uses may cause spatial conflicts. The urban agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay (UAHB), China, is a typical rapid urbanization area, and also experienced a significant expansion of urban land and dramatic changes to the urban land use spatial configuration through urban growth and their geographic determinants. In this paper, a case study of spatial-temporal variance and complexity of land use conflict was conducted in the UAHB, as to provide theoretical basis and practical support for managing land use conflict. Based on four dimensions (space - time - scale - gradient) and the analysis of land use system complexity as well as vulnerability and dynamics, the comprehensive index of land use spatial conflicts has been conducted by constructing the comprehensive calculation model and using geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing images (RS) of four years (1990, 2000, 1990 and 2013), and spatial statistics and landscape metrics. The results show that: (1) land use conflicts grade presented an order of general conflicts > moderate conflict > slight conflict > high conflict; (2) the spatial pattern of land use conflicts, characterized by clumps, block and banded space aggregation, showed obvious gradient evolution; (3) with the elapse of time, the spatial autocorrelation of land use conflicts have been waning gradually, and have obvious edge effect; (4) the random factors and structural factors are affecting land use conflicts. The paper concludes that (1) land use conflicts showed an evolvement rule, i.e., equilibrium→break the original balance→the spatial autocorrelation→trend in space→self-organizing (fractal); (2) the development of land use conflicts evolved from the multi-core to the single core model, which means the balanced development of the high degree of integration of urban and rural areas and urban agglomerations.

Key words: land use, spatial conflict, complexity, spatial-temporal variance, scale identification, urban agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay

周德, 徐建春, 王莉. 环杭州湾城市群土地利用的空间冲突与复杂性[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(9): 1630-1642.

De ZHOU, Jianchun XU, Li WANG. Land use spatial conflicts and complexity: A case study of the urban agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay, China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(9): 1630-1642.

图/表 8

图1

表1

土地利用空间冲突综合指数计算方法"

序号	指数名称	计算方法	描述
1	土地利用复杂性指数	$L U AWPFD = ∑ i = 1 m ∑ j = 1 n 2 ln 0.25 P ij ln a ij a ij A$	反映了人类活动对土地利用空间格局的影响,人类活动影响越大,其值越低;依赖于空间尺度和格网分辨率;1≤AWPFD≤2
2	土地利用脆弱度指数	$L U FI = ∑ i = 1 n F i × a i A$	与系统所处的发育阶段有关;初级土地利用系统较之于高级系统较弱,土地利用空间冲突越明显
3	土地利用稳定性指数	$L U S i = 1 - PD = n i A$	可以用景观块破碎化指数（PD）的逆向指标表示,即斑块越破碎,系统越不稳定,土地利用空间冲突越强
4	土地利用空间冲突综合指数	$L U CI = L U AWPFD + L U FI - L U Si$	0≤ $L U CI$ ≤1;值越大说明区域土地利用空间冲突越强

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

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年份	粒度（km）	块金值(C₀)	基台值(C₀+C)	C₀/C₀+C	有效变程（m）	R²	拟合模型
1990	4	0.0162	0.0580	0.279	167200	0.972	S
2000	4	0.0172	0.0565	0.304	167700	0.971	S
2008	4	0.0170	0.0519	0.328	173000	0.968	S
2013	4	0.0136	0.0374	0.362	165900	0.965	S
	8	0.0134	0.0374	0.358	165100	0.964	S
	12	0.0138	0.0377	0.367	169600	0.970	S
	16	0.0141	0.0371	0.379	165100	0.972	S
	20	0.0144	0.0378	0.382	173900	0.979	S
	24	0.0146	0.0372	0.392	168000	0.977	S
	28	0.0182	0.0376	0.485	150342	0.980	G
	32	0.0184	0.0379	0.488	154325	0.987	G
	36	0.0189	0.0389	0.488	164891	0.993	G
	40	0.0187	0.0376	0.499	154152	0.979	G