高铁对旅游者目的地选择的影响——以京沪高铁为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201509014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过因子分析降维得到影响旅游目的地选择的主要因素,包括旅行时间、旅游地的旅游资源禀赋、旅游地的交通通达性、旅游地的服务设施系统等4个指标;由此构建旅游需求—供给引力模型,测度高铁条件下主要因素对旅游者选择出游目的地的影响程度变化。结果显示：高铁开通前客源地和旅游地的空间距离是旅游目的地选择的最重要影响因素,且起到出游阻力影响;而高铁开通后主要影响因素对选择出游目的地的作用程度发生很大变化,客源地与旅游地的空间距离对出游阻力影响变得很小,而旅游地的交通网络密度、旅游资源禀赋和旅游服务接待能力成为重要的影响因素。研究结果可为高铁时代下旅游目的的地建设提供理论依据,以期在高铁条件下构建科学合理的旅游要素体系,实现旅游地系统升级优化。

关键词: 旅游引力模型, 目的地选择, 影响因素, 高铁效应, 京沪高铁

Abstract:

The goal of this study was to identify the primary factors affecting choices of tourism destination through factor analysis and to measure the degree of change in the influence of primary factors on tourism destination choices under the high-speed rail condition by constructing a tourism supply-demand gravity model. The results showed that travel time, tourism resource endowment, reception ability and traffic accessibility were the four primary influencing factors. The spatial distance from the tourist’s origin to the destination was the most important factor influencing the choice of tourist destination before the high-speed rail opened, and distance promoted resistance to travel. However, the situation significantly changed after the opening of the high-speed rail. The resistance to travel associated with distance tended to be weak, and the traffic network density, the endowed resources and the reception ability of the tourist site have become the most important factors influencing the choice of destination. This study provided a theoretical framework for constructing tourism destination in the era of the high-speed rail, which will enable the development of a scientific and reasonable system incorporating tourism elements under high-speed rail conditions that will optimize and improve the tourism destination.

Key words: tourism gravity model, destination choice, influencing factors, high-speed rail effect, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail

汪德根, 牛玉, 王莉. 高铁对旅游者目的地选择的影响——以京沪高铁为例[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(9): 1770-1780.

Degen WANG, Yu NIU, Li WANG. Influence of high-speed rail on choices of tourist destination based on the gravity model: A case study of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail in China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(9): 1770-1780.

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参考文献 34

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影响因子	因子载荷	公因子方差比	特征值	方差贡献率	α系数
因子1: 旅行时间			3.399	30.90	0.802
X₇从居住地(客源地)到旅游地的旅途时间不能太长	0.904	0.682
X₁居住地和旅游地间有快速便捷的交通系统	0.644	0.696
因子2: 旅游地交通通达性			1.863	19.93	0.756
X₁₀旅游地内部具备完善的交通网络	0.824	0.738
X₅旅游集散中心通往景区(点)的道路等级高,交通快捷度高	0.798	0.745
因子3: 旅游资源禀赋			1.258	11.62	0.813
X₂旅游地的景区(点)知名度高	0.735	0.714
X₉旅游地的景区(点)比较集中,景区(点)间旅途时间短	0.734	0.838
X₁₂旅游地拥有不同类型资源的旅游景区(点)	0.699	0.693
因子4: 旅游服务设施			1.076	9.33	0.782
X₆旅游地具备各种档次和类型的娱乐休闲活动项目	0.800	0.668
X₁₄旅游景区(点)所在城市公共服务与基础设施完善	0.758	0.622
X₃旅游地具备各种档次和类型的宾馆和餐馆	0.658	0.736
累计贡献率				71.78
总可信度					0.809
KMO统计量				0.788

城市	TR_j	TF_j	TN_j	城市	TR_j	TF_j	TN_j
承德	12	0.040	0.13	济宁	16	0.025	0.74
秦皇岛	16	0.043	0.55	日照	8	0.024	0.81
北京	95	0.050	2.82	枣庄	20	0.031	1.20
廊坊	1	0.071	1.38	徐州	4	0.027	0.93
天津	14	0.020	1.67	连云港	14	0.052	0.63
沧州	2	0.070	0.65	宿州	2	0.017	0.76
保定	18	0.026	0.28	蚌埠	6	0.024	1.10
德州	8	0.028	0.96	滁州	6	0.038	0.62
石家庄	22	0.034	0.41	南京	26	0.024	1.40
济南	6	0.040	1.25	镇江	10	0.017	1.51
烟台	24	0.048	0.52	常州	8	0.026	1.46
威海	26	0.057	0.46	无锡	20	0.015	1.31
潍坊	2	0.035	0.41	苏州	30	0.027	1.74
青岛	12	0.046	0.77	上海	22	0.024	6.65
泰安	12	0.031	1.19	黄山	36	0.043	0.29

系数	G	α	β	γ	ξ	R	F	Sig
高铁前	2.224	0.431	0.378	0.123	0.551	0.655	9.403	0.000
高铁后	1.506	0.565	0.552	0.636	0.042	0.630	8.232	0.000