经济发达地区乡村聚落用地模式演变——以无锡市惠山区为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201511014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于空间形态与功能结构视角,运用空间分析和参与式评估方法,利用聚落用地现状与多时相遥感影像数据,分析经济发达地区乡村聚落用地格局与功能演变特征,总结不同类型村域聚落用地演变模式,从制度变迁视角讨论演变机制与调控路径。结果表明：1980年代以来聚落用地增长近1倍,扩张强度先增后减,呈倒“U”型变化,但集聚分布的格局并未改变;工业、旅游住宿、商贸服务等非居住用地快速增长,以居住为主的用地模式逐步转向居住—工业—旅游—商服多元复合型的用地模式。工业和旅游村聚落用地呈“飞地状”拓展,用地功能多元化、形态规则化,农业村聚落延续以居住为主的用地模式和传统形态。制度变迁引导了乡村功能分异,加速了聚落用地类型及功能多样化,可以因地制宜采用“工业城镇、旅游小镇和柔性集中居住”等模式引导聚落用地布局优化。

关键词: 乡村聚落, 聚落用地模式, 经济发达地区, 无锡惠山

Abstract:

As the basic carrier for economic activities in the rural areas, rural settlements have attracts much academic attention all the time in the rural geography. From the perspective of spatial morphology and function, integrating land use data, remote sensing image and rural investigation material, this paper aims to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of morphology and function of rural settlements in Huishan district of Wuxi city based on spatial analysis methods such as ANN index, kernel density and growth intensity index. Later, the evolutionary mechanism and optimizing patterns are discussed. The empirical analysis indicates that after 1980 the total area of rural residential land increased by 95%, and the rural residential land growth index changed in an opposite "U" shape, first increased quickly, later decreased slowly, but spatial agglomeration was kept completely. Industrial and commercial land has become the most important element of residential land growth in Huishan district, and has made residential land more diversified and integrated. In the industry and tourism village, the new added residential land expanded in the area outside the old ones, which is featured by diversity and multifunction, and the spatial morphology of settlement become more regular. On the contrary, in the agriculture village, settlements expanded very slowly, residential land kept the dominant position in the settlements, and the morphology of settlement was still irregular. After the year 1980, policy reforms promoted the village multifunction and made village's function different from each other. Respectively, in corresponding to three economic and land development types (industrial town mode, tourism town mode and flexible agglomeration mode) could be applied to optimize the spatial morphology of settlements in the rural areas.

Key words: rural settlements, residential land use pattern, developed area, Huishan district in Wuxi city

陈诚, 金志丰. 经济发达地区乡村聚落用地模式演变——以无锡市惠山区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(11): 2155-2164.

Cheng CHEN, Zhifeng JIN. Spatio-temporal change of landuse pattern of rural settlements in developed area: A case study of Huishan distirict in Wuxi city[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(11): 2155-2164.

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年份	ANN	Z
1985	0.48	-57.4
1995	0.50	-60.0
2000	0.51	-60.6
2006	0.54	-60.0
2009	0.54	-60.2
2013	0.51	-59.4

年份	各类用地占比
年份	工业	居住	商贸物流	旅游住宿	公共服务	合计
1985	14.9	83.8	0.6	0.0	0.7	100.0
2013	48.0	48.5	1.1	0.9	1.5	100.0

时间段	扩张强度指数
时间段	工业	居住	商贸物流	旅游住宿	公共服务
1985-1995	0.219	0.138	0.001	0.000	0.006
1995-2000	0.182	0.117	0.005	0.000	0.003
2000-2006	0.690	0.105	0.016	0.005	0.009
2006-2009	0.600	0.248	0.014	0.060	0.037
2009-2013	0.000	-0.539	0.001	0.000	0.000

时间段	扩张强度指数变化
时间段	镇北村	阳山村	高潮村
1985-1995	0.13	0.10	0.12
1995-2000	0.41	0.03	0.00
2000-2006	2.98	0.77	0.00
2006-2009	1.08	2.25	0.00
2009-2013	-0.18	0.00	0.00
1985-2013	0.85	0.45	0.04

村名	年份	居住用地	工业用地	旅游住宿用地	商贸及公共服务用地	合计
镇北村	1985	89.5	10.2	0.0	0.4	100.0
	2013	31.6	66.3	0.0	2.1	100.0
	占比变化	-57.9	56.1	0	1.7	0
阳山村	1985	71.4	28.5	0.0	0.1	100.0
	2013	35.2	33.3	31.5	0.1	100.0
	占比变化	-36.2	4.8	31.5	0	0
高潮村	1985	85.1	14.4	0.0	0.6	100.0
	2013	86.6	12.9	0.0	0.5	100.0
	占比变化	1.5	-1.5	0	0.0	0