清代中期建设用地数据恢复与空间网格化重建：方法与实证

doi:10.11821/dlyj201512011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以典型历史断面下的建设用地为研究对象,采用数量重建控制下的空间格局重建思路,尝试构建一套适用于清代中期建设用地（城镇用地和农村聚落用地）的重建方法。其中,城镇用地主要基于城垣周长、城池形态进行数量重建,以历史治所为中心,以城池形态为控制边界,进行空间配置;农村聚落用地主要基于农村人口、户均居住用地需求进行数量重建,以潜在农村居民点重心为中心,考虑用地宜居性和连片性等特征进行空间重建。在理论分析的基础上,选取历史资料较为丰富的1820年为研究期,恢复了江苏省建设用地数据,共1006.45 km²,其中城镇用地222.51 km²,农村聚落用地783.93 km²,重建形成了100 m×100 m空间网格下的建设用地空间格局,并验证了重建结果的合理性。

关键词: 建设用地, 网格, 重建, 清代中期, 江苏

Abstract:

Human-induced land use/cover change (LUCC) has significant effects on the climatic and ecological processes at both global and regional scales, especially in the last 300 years. It is an important driving force of global environmental change and has been one of the hot topics of international concerns. Since the modernization started after industrial revolution, the expansion of built-up areas (construction land) profoundly changed the status of LUCC and made the landscape of urban areas become a notable feature of a certain region. Limited by the available data, reconstruction of historical built-up areas confronts with some difficulties. Supported by the data of historical records, modern statistical and natural resources, the method of reconstructing historical construction land (urban land and rural residential land) of the typical time section in the mid-Qing Dynasty was proposed in this paper. We reconstructed the scale and spatial pattern of urban land by using data including the perimeter of ancient city wall, the shape of the city and the points of city location. Meanwhile, the characteristics of livability and continuity of land, rural population, per capita living space requirements, and the points of potential rural settlements were used as the foundation for rural residential land reconstruction. Based on the theoretical analysis, this study took Jiangsu Province as the study case and chose the year of 1820 as the research year for the availability of historical data. A spatial distribution of construction land with a resolution of 100 m×100 m was finally established. The results showed that: (1) Under the circumstances of lacking effective data, it is a viable attempt to reconstruct the spatial pattern of historical construction land by exploring the most potential of historical documents and making proper deduction based on the modern construction land patterns. (2) As for relative factors calculation, the differences in features of combination of towns, the urbanization rate, farming radius and residential patterns should be considered. At the same time, different historical situations of each area should be taken into account in order to determine the scale and spatial pattern of land rationally. (3) The total area of construction land of Jiangsu Province in 1820 was 1006.84 km², in which urban land was 222.90 km² and rural residential land was 783.93 km². Compared with related studies, the main difference came from research assumptions and computation basis of study units.

Key words: construction land, grid, reconstruction, mid-Qing dynasty, Jiangsu province

林忆南, 金晓斌, 杨绪红, 龙瀛, 郭贝贝, 韩娟, 周寅康. 清代中期建设用地数据恢复与空间网格化重建：方法与实证[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(12): 2329-2342.

Yinan LIN, Xiaobin JIN, Xuhong YANG, Ying LONG, Beibei GUO, Juan HAN, Yinkang ZHOU. Data set establishment and spatial reconstruction of built-up area in the Mid Qing Dynasty: Method and case study[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(12): 2329-2342.

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府名	总人口/万人	城镇人口/万人	农村人口/万人	建设用地面积/km²	城镇用地面积/km²	农村聚落用地面积/km²
江宁府	187.40	25.49	161.92	211.12	146.35	64.77
苏州府	547.33	74.44	472.90	225.81	36.65	189.16
常州府	389.58	52.98	336.59	144.76	10.12	134.64
镇江府	219.47	29.85	189.62	78.60	2.76	75.85
扬州府	326.75	44.44	282.31	121.25	8.33	112.93
淮安府	163.76	22.27	141.49	65.35	8.76	56.60
徐州府	132.86	18.07	114.79	48.78	2.86	45.92
通州	98.30	13.37	84.93	36.20	2.23	33.97
海州	58.55	7.96	50.59	22.18	1.95	20.23
太仓州	57.14	7.77	49.37	21.22	1.59	19.75
泗州	63.20	8.60	54.61	22.61	0.38	21.84
海门厅	23.99	3.26	20.73	8.83	0.54	8.29
总和	2268.32	308.49	1959.83	1006.45	222.51	783.93

目标层	指标层	属性	权重
自然条件	高程	区间值	0.346
	坡度	区间值	0.110
	离最近河流距离	负指标	0.116
社会经济条件	离最近驿道距离	负指标	0.162
	离最近村镇距离	负指标	0.162
	离最近县城距离	负指标	0.104