江南丘陵区乡村聚落空间演化及重构——以赣南地区为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201601016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以江南丘陵区的赣南地区为研究区,以DEM数据和1995年、2013年赣南地区的遥感图像为数据源,基于GIS空间分析方法,分析了赣南地区乡村聚落的空间分布与演化规律,探讨了其影响因素、基本模式及过程机制,提出了不同发展阶段的乡村聚落空间重构基本思路。研究表明赣南乡村聚落空间分布与演化呈现出以下特点：数量、规模及密度均较小,但有扩大的演化趋势,集中分布在海拔为200~600 m之间、坡度<15°的低山盆地、河谷阶地等地区及道路和河流沿线;聚落空间分布与演化的影响因素主要有自然因素和社会人文因素;聚落空间演化有六种模式,低地指向、经济指向、中心地指向、交通/河流指向、文化指向及功能指向是聚落演化的动力;乡村聚落空间重构是指聚落空间结构的重新布局与调整,其基本思路是初期进行景观要素的重建,中期进行聚落结构上的重组,后期最终实现聚落功能上的重塑。

关键词: 乡村聚落, 空间演化, 空间重构, 江南丘陵区, 赣南地区

Abstract:

This paper studied the spatial evolution of rural settlements in hilly region in South Jiangxi, covering its spatial distribution patterns, influencing factors, the basic types, and its mechanism in different development stages. The data are employed from DEM, and remote sensing images in 1995 and 2013. The methods are mainly based on GIS. The results show that the spatial distribution and evolution of rural settlements are characterized by smaller number, scale and density, but with an increasing trend. Most of the settlements are scattered in the regions with altitudes between 200 m and 600 m, basins with slopes below 15°, and some hilly valleys and terraces along roads and rivers. Its spatial evolution has 6 models, which are driven by low lands, economic activities, central place function, traffic or rivers direction, cultural and functional influence. The spatial reconstruction of rural settlements refers to relaying out and adjusting the settlements spatial structures. The basic purpose of the research is to reconstruct the landscape elements and the structure of settlement, and eventually restore the function of the settlements in the near future.

Key words: rural settlements, spatial evolution, spatial restructuring, Jiangnan hilly region, South Jiangxi

陈永林, 谢炳庚. 江南丘陵区乡村聚落空间演化及重构——以赣南地区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(1): 184-194.

Yonglin CHEN, Binggeng XIE. The spatial evolution and restructuring of rural settlements in Jiangnan hilly region:A case study in South Jiangxi[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016, 35(1): 184-194.

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	聚落总个数（个）	聚落总面积（km²）	聚落密度（个/km²）	聚落平均面积（km²）
1995年	19692	4992.60	0.49	0.25
2013年	21324	6432.12	0.54	0.35

坡度（°）	聚落个数（占总比）			聚落面积（km²）（占总比）
坡度（°）	1995年		2013年	1995年	2013年
(0,15]	16680（84.7）	17114（80.3）		4866.42（97.5）	6267.75（97.5）
(15,30]	2256（11.5）	2961（13.9）		99.89（2.0）	121.83（2.0）
>30	756（3.8）	1249（5.8）		26.29（0.5）	42.54（0.5）

演化模式	演化驱动力	演化过程	演化结果	典型案例
过渡式	低地指向	山地—丘陵—平原	山区聚落规模缩小消失,平原聚落规模扩大	崇义、上犹等山区聚落的缩小消失
渐进式	经济指向	经济落后区—中等欠发达区—经济发达区	经济落后区聚落逐渐向经济发达区迁移	章贡区、南康区、瑞金市等聚落的扩张
聚核式	中心地指向	自然村—中心村	零散分布的自然村向中心村聚集迁移	各中心村的扩张
汇流式	交通/河流指向	交通封闭（远离河流）区—交通较发达区—交通便利（靠近河流）区	沿河流或公路的聚落呈带状分布,规模不断扩大	章江、贡江及105、206、323、319等国道沿线聚落的集聚
渗透式	文化指向	文化同质区—文化渗透区—文化杂糅区	聚落的文化同质性消失	非客家聚落向纯客县聚落、同姓聚落向杂姓聚落迁入
飞地式	功能指向	生态功能区—经济功能区	聚落由生态功能区向经济功能区迁移	东江、赣江源保护区生态移民