江西省宗教场所旅游开发的适宜性评价

doi:10.11821/dlyj201602014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于层次熵和模糊评价法,从性质、规模、品位、适游期和市场认知度等方面评价江西省宗教场所旅游资源,再从资源禀赋、城镇依托、交通可达性和人口经济基础等方面评价资源较好场所的旅游开发适宜性,最终根据其在评价子系统所得的分值划分出高适宜性、较高现实适宜性、较高潜力适宜性和低适宜性。研究结果：历史文化价值、奇特度、美感度和知名度影响力是决定江西省宗教场所旅游资源价值的核心要素,资源禀赋条件和人口经济基础是江西省宗教场所旅游开发适宜性的主要限制因素;大多数场所仍属潜在适宜性开发类和低适宜性开发类,结合鄱阳湖生态经济区发展政策,优化等级结构,可构建“环鄱阳湖宗教旅游圈”。此外,克服了AHP法确定权重主观性较大,以及不同交通出行方式下宗教场所可达性差异较大等问题,在一定程度上实现了定量评价宗教场所旅游开发的适宜性,并在此基础上对不同适宜性的场所提出针对性的开发建议。

关键词: 层次熵, 开发适宜性, 宗教场所, 江西省

Abstract:

In the traditional sense, one main objective of the religious tourism is to worship with its profound cultural and religious significance for those tourists who have religious beliefs. For the other people, sacred religious spots are of great significance and attractiveness to them from three aspects, viz. profound religious culture, religious architecture with a long history, and cultural and religious relics. On the basis of the entropy method and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and fuzzy evaluation, we comprehensively assess tourist resources of religious spots in Jiangxi province from five aspects, viz. feature, scale, grade quality, optimum period and market awareness. In addition, we estimate the development suitability of religious spots from four aspects, viz. resources endowment, towns based, traffic accessibility and economic infrastructure. According to the evaluation subsystem, those religious spots chosen in the present study are classified into four groups, viz. highest suitability, higher real suitability, higher potential suitability and low suitability. The other findings are as follows. Historical and cultural values, singularity, aestheticism and popularity are the core elements to determine the tourism resources values of religious spots in Jiangxi. In addition, the class-quality distribution of the religious spots in this province is pyramid-structured, in which most places are still characterized by the higher potential suitability and low suitability. Besides, the "ring of Poyang Lake religious tourism" is urgently needed to optimize the structure of the grade, with the special development policies in Poyang Lake ecological economic zone. The distinction between the conclusion of our study and previous studies indicates that insufficient resources endowment is the common issue of religious spots tourism development in China. In addition, this paper overcomes the problem of the possibility of high subjectivity in AHP method when assessing the weights of indicators and greater different timing distances to religious spots in different traffic modes. To some extent, it carries out the quantitative evaluation of the tourism development suitability, and then puts forward corresponding development suggestions to different suitability places.

Key words: entropy technology and AHP, development suitability, religious spot, Jiangxi province

郭泉恩, 钟业喜. 江西省宗教场所旅游开发的适宜性评价[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(2): 377-389.

Quanen GUO, Yexi ZHONG. Evaluation of tourism development suitability about religious spots in Jiangxi province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016, 35(2): 377-389.

图/表 10

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图2

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

江西省宗教场所的旅游开发适宜性评价结果"

分值

宗教场所

60~84.21分

庐山、南昌绳金塔、八大山人纪念馆、南昌醋巷清真寺、南昌市佑民寺、湾里区天宁古寺、湾里区阳灵观、南昌万寿宫、昌江区西佛寺、景德镇市观音寺、珠山区景山寺、西山、郊区郭西古庙、浮梁县天缘寺、南康市生佛寺、九江能仁禅寺、九江市天花宫、共青城甘露寺、泰和县朝仙崖寺、青山湖区东岳古庙、青山湖区大梵寺、灵山、湾里区翠岩禅寺、赣州光孝寺、赣州市玉虚观、赣州寿量寺、瑞昌市龙泉寺、吉安市西塔寺、于都罗田岩、乐平市东山寺、吉安青原山净居寺、龙虎山、葛仙山、抚州圣若瑟大教堂、信丰大圣寺塔、丰城市剑邑、万寿宫、麻姑山、三清山

37.16~60分

赣县契真寺、南城县碧涛庵、瑞昌市常乐庵、于都紫阳观、临川区西竹寺、临川区正觉寺、南丰县地藏寺、铅山县天乳寺、铅山县鹅湖峰顶慈济寺、金溪县疏山寺、弋阳圭峰南岩石窟、临川区云山镇金山寺、高安市大愚寺、宁都青莲寺、万载县万佛禅寺、金溪县水门庙、鬼谷山、广丰博山能仁禅寺、广丰县灵鹫寺、宜黄曹山宝积寺、元晨山、宜丰洞山普利禅寺、资溪县大觉岩寺、上高九峰崇福寺、大华山、宜黄石巩寺、广昌县龙凤岩青雨寺、南城县宝方禅寺、南丰寿昌寺、南丰县崇真寺、南丰县觉源寺、南丰县南台寺、始丰山、万安县东华寺、靖安县宝峰禅寺、宁都县永宁寺、宜春仰山、黎川县妙法禅寺、宜黄县九峰山寺、赣县宝华寺、宜丰黄檗禅寺、崇仁县观音岩寺、广昌县慈云寺、广昌县大觉寺、南丰县大觉寺、宜春市慈化寺、宜黄石门寺、宁都县海莲寺、崇仁县龙济寺、乐安县万龙寺院、石城县宝福寺、乐安石桥寺、黎川寿昌寺、南丰县军峰寺、广昌县龙泉寺等93处

表6

图3

表7

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标度	含义
1	两个元素相比具有同样的重要性
3	两个元素相比,前者比后者稍重要
5	两个元素相比,前者比后者明显重要
7	两个元素相比,前者比后者强烈重要
9	两个元素相比,前者比后者极端重要
2,4,6,8	上述相邻判断的中间值
倒数	若i元素与j元素的重要性之比为a_ij,则j元素与i元素的重要性之比为1/a_ij。

	美感度	奇特度	规模度	景观丰富度	历史文化价值	适游期	知名度影响力
美感度	1.00	0.13	4.26	6.14	0.11	8.00	1.00
奇特度	8.00	1.00	9.00	9.00	1.00	9.00	1.00
规模度	0.23	0.11	1.00	2.00	0.11	2.00	0.20
景观丰富度	0.16	0.11	0.50	1.00	0.11	2.00	0.14
历史文化价值	9.00	1.00	9.00	9.00	1.00	9.00	3.00
适游期	0.13	0.11	0.50	0.50	0.10	1.00	0.11
知名度影响力	1.00	1.00	5.00	7.00	0.33	9.00	1.00

指标层次	指标变量	E	d	μ	λ
性质	美感度	0.5922	0.4078	0.2623	0.2229
性质	奇特度	0.7851	0.2149	0.1382	0.2458
规模	规模度	0.8028	0.1972	0.1268	0.0390
品位	景观丰富度	0.8522	0.1478	0.0951	0.0175
品位	历史文化价值	0.7695	0.2305	0.1483	0.3054
适游期	适游期	0.8805	0.1195	0.0769	0.0095
市场认知度	知名度影响力	0.7630	0.2370	0.1524	0.1598

评价结果	宗教场所
五级	庐山、龙虎山、三清山、武功山、南丰县地藏寺、翠微峰、南昌市佑民寺、西山、抚州圣若瑟大教堂、鬼谷山、于都罗田岩、宜春市化成寺、金溪疏山寺、大华山、麻姑山、阁皂山、葛仙山等26处
四级	八大山人纪念馆、九江能仁禅寺、上饶市东岳护国寺、赣州寿量寺、南昌绳金塔、安远县永兴山禅庵、黎川寿昌寺、广昌慈生寺、临川区西竹寺、宜黄石巩寺、奉新县百丈寺、马蹄山、南城县碧涛庵等106处
三级	临川区乾明寺、乐安新灵寺、昌北开发区龙泉寺、大余丫山灵岩古寺、南城游家天主堂、南丰县瑶浦三仙行宫、九江县娘娘庙、南昌松柏巷天主堂、安远县燕子岩朝天寺、会昌翠竹祠、景德镇清真寺、吉安清真寺、景德镇市天主教堂等147处
二级	浮梁县鹅湖基督教堂、南昌南海行宫、黎家滩万人殿、郊区三阳观、进贤徐陂山天主堂、贵溪市滨江乡龙岩峰庙、三里乡曹门基督教堂、丰泉最灵寺、奉新昭德观、吉安市普渡寺、铅山县湖坊镇基督教堂等9处
一级	吉安市普渡寺、铅山县湖坊镇基督教堂

子目标	因子	分权重	总权重	100分	80分	60分	40分	20分
资源禀赋（0.3160）	规模	0.249	0.079	极大	较大	一般	较小	极小
资源禀赋（0.3160）	等级	0.751	0.237	国际级	国家级	省级	市县级	建设中
城镇依托（0.0363）	离县城距离（km）	0.125	0.005	0	（0,10]	（10,30]	（30,50]	>50
	离相邻县城距离（km）	0.125	0.005	0	（0,10]	（10,30]	（30,50]	>50
	离行政市距离（km）	0.375	0.014	0	（0,10]	（10,30]	（30,50]	>50
	离相邻行政市距离（km）	0.375	0.014	0	（0,10]	（10,30]	（30,50]	>50
交通可达性（0.5080）	机场时间距离(min)	0.504	0.256	(0,30]	(30,60]	(60,90]	>90
	高速公路出入口时间距离(min)	0.224	0.114	(0,30]	(30,60]	(60,90]	>90
	火车站时间距离(min)	0.049	0.025	(0,30]	(30,60]	(60,90]	>90
	汽车站时间距离(min)	0.224	0.114	(0,30]	(30,60]	(60,90]	>90
人口经济基础（0.1397）	行政县人均GDP(万元)	0.266	0.037	>7	(5,7]	(3,5]	(1,3]	<1
	行政县人口（万）	0.019	0.003	>200	(100,200]	(50,100]	(20,50]	<20
	邻近县人均GDP(万元)	0.135	0.019	>7	(5,7]	(3,5]	(1,3]	<1
	邻近县人口（万）	0.009	0.001	>200	(100,200]	(50,100]	(20,50]	<20
	行政市人均GDP(万元)	0.205	0.026	>7	(5,7]	(3,5]	(2,3]	(1,2]
	行政市人口（万）	0.136	0.019	>200	(150,200]	(100,150]	(50,100]	(20,50]
	邻近市人均GDP(万元)	0.200	0.029	>7	(5,7]	(3,5]	(2,3]	(1,2]
	邻近市人口（万）	0.048	0.007	>200	(150,200]	(100,150]	(50,100]	(20,50]