关键词: 空间可达性绩效, 绩效指数, 大型零售设施, 空间分布, 长春

Abstract:

Spatial accessibility performance is an effective tool measuring the supply and demand relationship between the retailing services and consumers. However, the traditional models of spatial accessibility performance merely take into account the spatial distance, while the scale of the retailing service or population density is rarely involved. Therefore, this article manages to improve the traditional model by incorporating the variables of retailing area, population and consumer preference. As a case study, the spatial accessibility performance of the city of Changchun is hereby measured. For convenience of analysis, the results are visualized by the ArcGIS software hereunder. Based on such results, this article concludes that large retailing facilities in Changchun are mainly distributed within the 3rd Ring Road, with higher degree of aggregation in traditional business areas, due to historical impacts; meanwhile, the distribution of retailing facilities for fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) shows great centrality with a single center, while that for durable consumer goods (DCG) shows a dual-core character. This article also concludes that areas with high spatial accessibility performance of comprehensive consumer goods and FMCG retailing facilities concentrate within the 1st Ring Road, with a decreasing trend, particularly in a north-south direction over that of west-east; areas with high performance of DCG retailing facilities tend to be discrete. Finally, this article concludes that the government of Changchun has shifted its urban design strategy from mono-center to dual-center, leading to a great development of a new suburban residential area in the south, but the supply of the FMCG retailing facilities is insufficient. This indicates that spatial distribution of retailing facilities lags behind the trend of urban space expansion and population suburbanization. Accessibility of FMCG outside of the 3rd Ring Road is much less than that at the city center, resulting in dissatisfaction of people's daily needs. Above all, the research findings of this article suggest that spatial accessibility performance of retailing facilities is a key indicator for assessing the livability of an area. The core of the method is to measure the evenness of service distribution among different space units with consideration of factors like population density, service capability, consumer preference, and spatial isolation. During the social transitional period, marketing has gradually become the main approach for the distribution of urban commercial facilities, while problems caused by the lack of policy regulation emerge at the same time. In reality, some retailing service facilities are taken as scarce resources, i.e., a kind of social welfare or invisible income due to their insufficient supply. Reasonable planning for retailing facilities will be a key approach to reduce the social space differentiation.

Key words: spatial accessibility performance, performance indices, large retailing facilities, spatial distribution, Changchun