基于历史文献资料的17世纪以来东北亚台风信息挖掘

doi:10.11821/dlyj201607010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西北太平洋地区,尤其是东北亚地区,台风灾害多发,这些地区的台风的运动轨迹变化会对社会经济发展带来深刻的影响。台风活动跨海而行,因此将东北亚几个国家的历史台风信息结合起来,才能看出其全貌。中日两国,最早通过仪器观测描述的台风路径分别为1879年和1878年,历史时期的东北亚地区台风事件只能靠历史文献来推测。以在台风路径的推测上具有问题（台风影响范围评估、详细记录时间的利用、2次相近台风的辨别等）的4次台风事件为例,讨论17世纪以来东北亚台风路径的推测方法。通过对台风个案的讨论,指出将致灾记录和感应记录相结合的可行性;利用仪器观测时期台风记录验证历史文献记载的有效性。相当一部分日记资料在古风暴研究中仍处于未被发掘状态。历史上流传至今的公用日记和各名家的家记,拥有较长的写作时间和较为均质的写作内容,可提高跨国界古风暴研究的时空分辨率。

关键词: 历史文献, 西北太平洋地区, 东北亚地区, 台风

Abstract:

The Pacific Northwest, especially Northeast Asia, is a typhoon-prone area. Typhoon track changes in these regions will have a profound impact for social and economic development. Typhoons generally go across the land and sea. Therefore, it is possible to see the whole picture of the historical typhoon combined with the typhoon information of the Northeast Asia. In China and Japan, the first typhoon track information based on the instrumental observations are 1879 AD and 1878 AD; estimating historical typhoon events in Northeast Asia only rely on historical documents. In this paper, taking the 4 typhoon events (typhoons that affected Japan on 11-12 September 1650 AD; 15-17 September 1674 AD and typhoons that affected China on 7-8 and 13-16 August 1823 AD), which have typical features (evaluation of the typhoon-affected area, using the recorded detailed time, discrimination of the two typhoons, etc.) as examples, we discuss typhoon track estimation method in Northeast Asia since the 17th century. By discussing typhoon cases, the paper points out feasibility of combining the hazard records and meteorological records and effectiveness of instrumental typhoon records used to verify the historical documents. In the study of Paleotem pestology, quite a part of diary has not been utilized yet. The diary of the governing body or a distinguished family has a longer writing time and a homogeneous content writing, we can improve spatial and temporal resolution of cross-border study of Paleotem pestology.

Key words: historical documents, Pacific Northwest, Northeast Asia, typhoon

[日]小林雄河, 潘威. 基于历史文献资料的17世纪以来东北亚台风信息挖掘[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(7): 1344-1352.

Yuga KOBAYASHI, Wei PAN. Search of Northeast Asia typhoon information based on historical documents since the 17th century[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016, 35(7): 1344-1352.

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地点	灾害、感应情况及出处	2004年台风Chaba风力较大的时间
筑后国久留米（今福冈县久留米市）	十七日午刻（16日中午前后）至子刻（凌晨12点前后）大风。（《福冈县灾异志》引自《石原家记》）	8月30日上午10-下午4点
播磨国赤穗（今兵库县赤穗市）	十七日自哺时（16日下午4点前后）以后终夜大风、高潮,50年来的大风……（《山鹿素行先生日记》）	8月30日晚上6-11点（兵库县姫路市）
加贺藩内（今石川县和富山县）	延宝二年五月不雨,六七月天凉,八月十八日夜大风吹,农收甚恶。（《加贺藩史料》引自《田平氏杂记》）	8月31日凌晨3-上午8点（石川县金泽市）
陆奥国弘前（今青森县弘前市）	十八日天气良好。但午时后刻（17日下午1点前后）开始刮大风,申时下刻（下午5点前后）开始变弱。近年罕见的大风,藩厅屋顶大都被吹走。（《弘前藩厅国日记》）	8月31日中午12-下午4点

地点	灾害、感应情况	出处
苏州	苏州省城……七月初一、初二、初三、初七、初八、初九、初十等日或微雨广纤,或大雨如注,自一二寸至八九寸不等,其余各属据报,约略相同。……	七月二十八日江苏巡抚韩文绮奏,载于《清代长江流域西南国际河流洪涝档案史料》
泰州	秋七月初三日大雨	道光《泰州志》卷1祥异
靖江	七月初三江潮泛溢,淹伤田禾	光绪《靖江县志》卷8祲祥
嘉定	七日时午、未又雨,连绵至九日未初才止,河水又涨,较五月间加二寸。……八日东北风大作,九日西南又起大风,风浃雨益壮……	民国《钱门塘乡志》卷12灾祥,引自朱曰佩《水灾续记》
全椒	……又全椒县亦报是日（七月初九、初十、十一等日）风雨过猛,城垣、狱墙均遭损坏,堤埂被淹……	七月二十七日安徽巡抚陶澍奏,载于《清代长江流域西南国际河流洪涝档案史料》
霍邱	七月初十、十一、十二连日大风抜木,秋禾尽伤	道光《霍邱县志》卷12灾异
江苏	七月初二、初九两日,狂飙复发,大雨如注,……江苏被灾甚广,共有二十三厅州县	道光《分湖小识》卷6灾祥
余姚	七月初二大风,海溢坏堤。初八日大雨,水平地高数尺,害禾稼木棉	民国《余姚六仓志》卷19灾异