淮河中上游浮游植物时空分布特征及关键环境影响因子识别

doi:10.11821/dlyj201609003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

浮游植物是水生态系统的初级生产者,直接影响着水生态系统的结构、功能与稳定性。基于2012-2014年淮河流域沙颍河—淮干中游浮游植物和水质4次汛期和非汛期采集数据,利用物种优势度和多样性指数对浮游植物的时空分布进行表征,并利用冗余度分析、偏相关性分析等方法探索了淮河中上游流域的多种水环境因子对浮游植物时空分布的影响。结果表明,从时间变化上看,2012-2014年浮游植物密度呈现逐年递减趋势;从空间变化上看,物种丰度呈现从上游至下游逐渐减少趋势。从时空变化的影响因素上看,非汛期总磷和电导率影响最大,其解释度分别为：10.96%和8.36%;汛期总磷、总氮和氨氮影响最大,其解释度分别为9.47%、8.08%和6.96%。

关键词: 浮游植物, 环境因子, 偏相关性分析, 冗余度分析, 淮河流域

Abstract:

Phytoplankton is primary producer of aquatic ecosystem, and is also the main part of aquatic organism. The changes of phytoplankton assemblage strongly relate with water environmental factors. Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton directly affects the structure and stability of the aquatic ecosystem. Moreover, the growth and abundance of phytoplankton are also the sensitive indicators to the river environment. The Huaihe River Basin is one of highly polluted basins in China. Many studies were focused on the flooding and water pollution controls, but paid less attention to the ecological restoration due to the shortages of ecological data. In our study, the upper and middle reaches of the Huaihe River Basin were selected as the study area. Phytoplankton species were investigated and identified for four times at ten stations from 2012 to 2014. The spatial distribution of phytoplankton was assessed by using the dominance and Shannon-Wiener indices. Moreover, the relationship between phytoplankton assemblages and water environment were detected and the main water environment variables were identified by using partial correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA). Finally, the contributions of key water environment variables on the phytoplankton assemblages were quantified individually. Results showed that: (1) the phytoplankton species and their densities reduced year by year. The species number decreased from 93 to 57, and the densities decreased from 1.64×10⁹ cell /m³ to 7.36×10⁸ cell/m³ from 2012 to 2014. The abundance of phytoplankton in wet season was significantly higher than that in dry season, and the average abundance decreased from Zhaopingtai Station to Bengbu Station. (2) The key water environmental factors affected phytoplankton assemblages in the wet season were total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N), and their contributions were 9.47%, 8.08% and 6.96%, respectively. In the dry season, total phosphorus (TP) and specific conductance (CON) were the key factors, and their contributions were 10.96% and 8.36%, respectively. Therefore, the ecological restoration should pay more attention to the control of industrial nutrient emission or agriculture nutrient loss. This study was expected to provide the foundation for the water environment management and also give reference to the water ecosystem health assessment and management of the heavily polluted rivers.

Key words: phytoplankton, environmental variables, partial correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, Huaihe River Basin

周宇建, 张永勇, 花瑞祥, 左其亭, 陈豪. 淮河中上游浮游植物时空分布特征及关键环境影响因子识别[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(9): 1626-1636.

Yujian ZHOU, Yongyong ZHANG, Ruixiang HUA, Qiting ZUO, Hao CHEN. Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton assemblages and key environmental factors in the upper and middle Huaihe River[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016, 35(9): 1626-1636.

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	非汛期			汛期			P
	2012-12		2013-12	平均值	2013-7	2014-7	平均值
pH	8.26 ±0.34	8.28 ±0.22	8.26±0.34	7.70 ±1.17	8.24 ±0.39	7.7±1.17	0.350
CON(μs·cm^–1)	851.00 ±507.00	717.50 ±408.50	833.5±524.5	573.70 ±414.30	851.00 ±507.00	758.7±599.3	0.040
ORP(mv)	186.20 ±103.00	224.00 ±22.70	186.2±103	143.05 ±23.15	269.35 ±160.75	269.35±160.75	0.059
NH₄-N(mg·L^–1)	1.48 ±1.38	1.27 ±1.09	1.48±1.38	0.47 ±0.34	0.32 ±0.19	0.47±0.34	0.030
COD_Mn(mg·L^–1)	2.56 ±1.76	3.13 ±2.16	3.05±2.25	3.31 ±2.10	2.92 ±1.94	3.20±2.22	0.070
COD_Cr(mg·L^–1)	16.55 ±6.55	13.15 ±3.15	16.55±6.55	12.30 ±2.30	17.10 ±4.50	15.8±5.8	0.064
TP/mg·L^–1)	0.17 ±0.14	0.14 ±0.12	0.16±0.14	0.11 ±0.09	0.21 ±0.19	0.20±0.18	0.080
TN(mg·L^–1)	4.73 ±4.23	4.88 ±3.95	4.73±4.23	2.49 ±1.80	2.72 ±1.75	2.58±1.89	0.045
DO(mg·L^–1)	11.13 ±1.42	11.00 ±2.39	11±2.39	9.72 ±7.68	7.12 ±3.46	9.72±7.68	0.002

时间	名称	D值	浓度（×10⁷cell/m³）	门类
2012-12	梅尼小环藻	0.13	26.7	硅藻
	变异直链藻	0.11	22.45	硅藻
	钝脆杆藻	0.07	14.1	硅藻
	卵形隐藻	0.05	12.1	隐藻
	简单舟形藻	0.03	5.9	硅藻
	颗粒直链藻	0.03	6.55	硅藻
2013-7	颗粒直链藻	0.08	14.01	硅藻
	星形冠盘藻	0.03	4.72	绿藻
	单角盘星藻	0.02	6.05	绿藻
	小席藻	0.02	4.88	蓝藻
2013-12	科曼小环藻	0.16	15.16	硅藻
	梅尼小环藻	0.12	13.24	硅藻
	不对称衣藻	0.02	3.07	绿藻
	卵形隐藻	0.02	2.85	隐藻
2014-7	梅尼小环藻	0.06	5.79	硅藻
2014-7	颗粒直链藻	0.03	4.01	硅藻

非汛期	汛期
非汛期	pH	CON	ORP	NH₄-N	COD_Mn	COD_Cr	TP	TN	DO
pH		-0.28	0.46^*	0.19	0.24	0.12	0.06	-0.38	0.79^**
CON	-0.12		0.24	0.01	0.12	0.36	0.11	0.02	0.29
ORP	-0.02	0.11		0.43^*	-0.29	-0.42^*	-0.52^*	0.03	-0.57^**
NH₄-N	-0.05	0.66^**	0.07		-0.32	0.41^*	0.43^*	0.75^**	-0.14
COD_Mn	0.02	0.19	0.49^*	0.38		0.04	0.01	0.67^**	-0.33
COD_Cr	0.57^*	0.65^*	-0.18	0.51^*	0		0.22	-0.26	-0.19
TP	-0.39	0.14	-0.21	0.29	0.15	0.26		0	-0.22
TN	0.39	0.78^**	0.02	0.48^*	-0.08	-0.71^*	0.34		0.42^*
DO	-0.06	-0.01	-0.03	0.33	-0.15	0.26	-0.49*	0.26

简称	中文名	拉丁名
fr.ca	钝脆杆藻	Fragilaria capucina
ni.pa	谷皮菱形藻	Nitzschia palea
cr.ac	尖尾蓝隐藻	Cryptomonas acuta
sy.ac	尖针杆藻	Synedra acus
cy.co	科曼小环藻	Cyclotella comensis
me.gr	颗粒直链藻	Melosira granulata
cr.ov	卵形隐藻	Cryptomonas ovata
cy.me	梅尼小环藻	Cyclotella meneghiniana
oo.so	单生卵囊藻	Oocystis solitaria
sc.ab	多棘栅藻	Scenedesmus abundans
sc.di	二形栅藻	Scenedesmus dimorphus
an.sp	螺旋纤维藻	Ankistrodesmus spiralis
sc.ni	拟菱形弓形藻	Schroederia nitzschioides
cr.ap	十字藻	Crucigenia apiculata
cr.te	四足十字藻	Crucigenia tetrapedia

时间	环境因子	与第一轴夹角余弦值	与第二轴夹角余弦值	方差贡献
非汛期	pH	0.09	-1.00	0.12
	CON	-0.98	-0.18	0.45
	NH₄-N	-0.36	-0.93	0.38
	COD_Mn	-0.52	-0.85	0.27
	COD_Cr	-0.97	0.25	0.19
	TP	-1.00	0.02	0.59
汛期	pH	-1.00	-0.06	0.23
	ORP	0.34	-0.94	0.33
	NH₄-N	-0.89	0.46	0.50
	COD_Mn	-1.00	-0.07	0.21
	TP	-0.66	-0.75	0.68
	TN	-0.99	-0.15	0.58
	DO	-0.42	0.91	0.45