地理研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 1626-1636.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201609003
周宇建1,2(), 张永勇1(
), 花瑞祥1,2, 左其亭3, 陈豪3
收稿日期:
2016-03-02
修回日期:
2016-07-07
出版日期:
2016-09-10
发布日期:
2016-09-23
作者简介:
作者简介:周宇建(1992- ),男,吉林白城人,硕士,主要从事生态水文方面的研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Yujian ZHOU1,2(), Yongyong ZHANG1(
), Ruixiang HUA1,2, Qiting ZUO3, Hao CHEN3
Received:
2016-03-02
Revised:
2016-07-07
Online:
2016-09-10
Published:
2016-09-23
摘要:
浮游植物是水生态系统的初级生产者,直接影响着水生态系统的结构、功能与稳定性。基于2012-2014年淮河流域沙颍河—淮干中游浮游植物和水质4次汛期和非汛期采集数据,利用物种优势度和多样性指数对浮游植物的时空分布进行表征,并利用冗余度分析、偏相关性分析等方法探索了淮河中上游流域的多种水环境因子对浮游植物时空分布的影响。结果表明,从时间变化上看,2012-2014年浮游植物密度呈现逐年递减趋势;从空间变化上看,物种丰度呈现从上游至下游逐渐减少趋势。从时空变化的影响因素上看,非汛期总磷和电导率影响最大,其解释度分别为:10.96%和8.36%;汛期总磷、总氮和氨氮影响最大,其解释度分别为9.47%、8.08%和6.96%。
周宇建, 张永勇, 花瑞祥, 左其亭, 陈豪. 淮河中上游浮游植物时空分布特征及关键环境影响因子识别[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(9): 1626-1636.
Yujian ZHOU, Yongyong ZHANG, Ruixiang HUA, Qiting ZUO, Hao CHEN. Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton assemblages and key environmental factors in the upper and middle Huaihe River[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016, 35(9): 1626-1636.
表1
环境因子平均值及其变化范围"
非汛期 | 汛期 | P | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012-12 | 2013-12 | 平均值 | 2013-7 | 2014-7 | 平均值 | |||
pH | 8.26 ±0.34 | 8.28 ±0.22 | 8.26±0.34 | 7.70 ±1.17 | 8.24 ±0.39 | 7.7±1.17 | 0.350 | |
CON(μs·cm–1) | 851.00 ±507.00 | 717.50 ±408.50 | 833.5±524.5 | 573.70 ±414.30 | 851.00 ±507.00 | 758.7±599.3 | 0.040 | |
ORP(mv) | 186.20 ±103.00 | 224.00 ±22.70 | 186.2±103 | 143.05 ±23.15 | 269.35 ±160.75 | 269.35±160.75 | 0.059 | |
NH4-N(mg·L–1) | 1.48 ±1.38 | 1.27 ±1.09 | 1.48±1.38 | 0.47 ±0.34 | 0.32 ±0.19 | 0.47±0.34 | 0.030 | |
CODMn(mg·L–1) | 2.56 ±1.76 | 3.13 ±2.16 | 3.05±2.25 | 3.31 ±2.10 | 2.92 ±1.94 | 3.20±2.22 | 0.070 | |
CODCr(mg·L–1) | 16.55 ±6.55 | 13.15 ±3.15 | 16.55±6.55 | 12.30 ±2.30 | 17.10 ±4.50 | 15.8±5.8 | 0.064 | |
TP/mg·L–1) | 0.17 ±0.14 | 0.14 ±0.12 | 0.16±0.14 | 0.11 ±0.09 | 0.21 ±0.19 | 0.20±0.18 | 0.080 | |
TN(mg·L–1) | 4.73 ±4.23 | 4.88 ±3.95 | 4.73±4.23 | 2.49 ±1.80 | 2.72 ±1.75 | 2.58±1.89 | 0.045 | |
DO(mg·L–1) | 11.13 ±1.42 | 11.00 ±2.39 | 11±2.39 | 9.72 ±7.68 | 7.12 ±3.46 | 9.72±7.68 | 0.002 |
表2
浮游植物优势种及其数量"
时间 | 名称 | D值 | 浓度(×107cell/m3) | 门类 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2012-12 | 梅尼小环藻 | 0.13 | 26.7 | 硅藻 |
变异直链藻 | 0.11 | 22.45 | 硅藻 | |
钝脆杆藻 | 0.07 | 14.1 | 硅藻 | |
卵形隐藻 | 0.05 | 12.1 | 隐藻 | |
简单舟形藻 | 0.03 | 5.9 | 硅藻 | |
颗粒直链藻 | 0.03 | 6.55 | 硅藻 | |
2013-7 | 颗粒直链藻 | 0.08 | 14.01 | 硅藻 |
星形冠盘藻 | 0.03 | 4.72 | 绿藻 | |
单角盘星藻 | 0.02 | 6.05 | 绿藻 | |
小席藻 | 0.02 | 4.88 | 蓝藻 | |
2013-12 | 科曼小环藻 | 0.16 | 15.16 | 硅藻 |
梅尼小环藻 | 0.12 | 13.24 | 硅藻 | |
不对称衣藻 | 0.02 | 3.07 | 绿藻 | |
卵形隐藻 | 0.02 | 2.85 | 隐藻 | |
2014-7 | 梅尼小环藻 | 0.06 | 5.79 | 硅藻 |
颗粒直链藻 | 0.03 | 4.01 | 硅藻 |
表3
汛期与非汛期环境因子的偏相关系数"
非汛期 | 汛期 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | CON | ORP | NH4-N | CODMn | CODCr | TP | TN | DO | |
pH | -0.28 | 0.46* | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.06 | -0.38 | 0.79** | |
CON | -0.12 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.29 | |
ORP | -0.02 | 0.11 | 0.43* | -0.29 | -0.42* | -0.52* | 0.03 | -0.57** | |
NH4-N | -0.05 | 0.66** | 0.07 | -0.32 | 0.41* | 0.43* | 0.75** | -0.14 | |
CODMn | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.49* | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.67** | -0.33 | |
CODCr | 0.57* | 0.65* | -0.18 | 0.51* | 0 | 0.22 | -0.26 | -0.19 | |
TP | -0.39 | 0.14 | -0.21 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0 | -0.22 | |
TN | 0.39 | 0.78** | 0.02 | 0.48* | -0.08 | -0.71* | 0.34 | 0.42* | |
DO | -0.06 | -0.01 | -0.03 | 0.33 | -0.15 | 0.26 | -0.49* | 0.26 |
表4
淮河中上游典型浮游植物"
简称 | 中文名 | 拉丁名 |
---|---|---|
fr.ca | 钝脆杆藻 | Fragilaria capucina |
ni.pa | 谷皮菱形藻 | Nitzschia palea |
cr.ac | 尖尾蓝隐藻 | Cryptomonas acuta |
sy.ac | 尖针杆藻 | Synedra acus |
cy.co | 科曼小环藻 | Cyclotella comensis |
me.gr | 颗粒直链藻 | Melosira granulata |
cr.ov | 卵形隐藻 | Cryptomonas ovata |
cy.me | 梅尼小环藻 | Cyclotella meneghiniana |
oo.so | 单生卵囊藻 | Oocystis solitaria |
sc.ab | 多棘栅藻 | Scenedesmus abundans |
sc.di | 二形栅藻 | Scenedesmus dimorphus |
an.sp | 螺旋纤维藻 | Ankistrodesmus spiralis |
sc.ni | 拟菱形弓形藻 | Schroederia nitzschioides |
cr.ap | 十字藻 | Crucigenia apiculata |
cr.te | 四足十字藻 | Crucigenia tetrapedia |
表5
浮游植物与环境因子的RDA分析"
时间 | 环境 因子 | 与第一轴 夹角余弦值 | 与第二轴 夹角余弦值 | 方差 贡献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
非汛期 | pH | 0.09 | -1.00 | 0.12 |
CON | -0.98 | -0.18 | 0.45 | |
NH4-N | -0.36 | -0.93 | 0.38 | |
CODMn | -0.52 | -0.85 | 0.27 | |
CODCr | -0.97 | 0.25 | 0.19 | |
TP | -1.00 | 0.02 | 0.59 | |
汛期 | pH | -1.00 | -0.06 | 0.23 |
ORP | 0.34 | -0.94 | 0.33 | |
NH4-N | -0.89 | 0.46 | 0.50 | |
CODMn | -1.00 | -0.07 | 0.21 | |
TP | -0.66 | -0.75 | 0.68 | |
TN | -0.99 | -0.15 | 0.58 | |
DO | -0.42 | 0.91 | 0.45 |
[1] | 张楚汉, 王光谦. 我国水安全和水利科技热点与前沿. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2015, 45(10): 1007-1012. |
[Zhang Chuhan, Wang Guangqian.Water security, and hydroscience and technology in China: Focuses and frontiers. Scientia Sinica Techologica, 2015, 45(10): 1007-1012.] | |
[2] |
夏军, 赵长森, 刘敏, 等. 淮河闸坝对河流生态影响评价研究: 以蚌埠闸为例. 自然资源学报, 2008, 23(1): 48-60.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2008.01.006 |
[Xia Jun, Zhao Changsen, Liu Ming, et al.Impact assessment of dams & flood gates projects of Huaihe River on river ecosystem: A case study of the Bengbu Site. Journal of Natural Resources, 2008, 23(1): 48-60.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2008.01.006 |
|
[3] |
郭怀成, 王心宇, 伊璇. 基于滇池水生态系统演替的富营养化控制策略. 地理研究, 2013, 32(6): 998-1006.
doi: 10.11821/yj2013060003 |
[Guo huaicheng, Wang Xinyu, Yi Xuan. Study on eutrophication control strategy based on the succession of water ecosystem in the Dianchi Lake. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(6): 998-1006.]
doi: 10.11821/yj2013060003 |
|
[4] |
闵文武, 王培培, 李丽娟, 等. 渭河流域浮游植物功能群与环境因子的关系. 环境科学研究, 2015, 28(9): 1398-1405.
doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2015.09.09 |
[Min Wenwu, Wang Peipei, Li Lijuan, et al.Relationship between phytoplankton functional groups and environmental factors in the Wei River Basin. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 28(9): 1398-1405.]
doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2015.09.09 |
|
[5] |
Field C B, Behrenfeld M J, Randerson J T, et al.Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science, 1998, 281(5374): 237-240.
doi: 10.1126/science.281.5374.237 pmid: 9657713 |
[6] |
吴玉霖, 傅月娜, 张永山, 等. 长江口海域浮游植物分布及其与径流的关系. 海洋与湖沼, 2004, 35(3): 246-251.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2004.03.008 |
[Wu Yulin, Fu Yuena, Zhang Yongshan, et al.Phytoplankton distribution and its relation to the runoff in the Changjiang (Yangzte) Estuary. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2004, 35(3): 246-251.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2004.03.008 |
|
[7] |
王菊翠, 仵彦卿, 党碧玲, 等. 基于统计分析的陕西段泾河水质时空分布特征. 自然资源学报, 2012, 27(4): 674-685.
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.04.013 |
[Wang Jucui, Wu Yanqing, Dang Biling, et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of surface water quality using multivariate statistical analysis in Jinghe River of Shaanxi province, China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012, 27(4): 674-685.]
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.04.013 |
|
[8] |
Nobes K, Uthicke S, Henderson R.Is light the limiting factor for the distribution of benthic symbiont bearing foraminifera on the Great Barrier Reef?. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology, 2008, 363(1-2): 48-57.
doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.06.015 |
[9] | 周然, 彭士涛, 覃雪波, 等. 渤海湾浮游植物与环境因子关系的多元分析. 环境科学, 2013, 34(3): 864-873. |
[Zhou Ran, Peng Shitao, Qin Xuebo, et al.Phytoplankton assemblages and their relation to environmental factors by multivariate statistic analysis in Bohai Bay. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 2013, 34(3): 864-873.] | |
[10] |
李然然, 章光新, 张蕾. 查干湖湿地浮游植物与环境因子关系的多元分析. 生态学报, 2014, 34(10): 2663-2673.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201306091545 |
[Li Ranran, Zhang Guangxin, Zhang Lei.Multivariate analysis of the relations between phytoplankton assemblages and environmental factors in Chagan Lake wetland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(10): 2663-2673.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201306091545 |
|
[11] | 郑丙辉, 张佳磊, 王丽婧, 等. 大宁河水华敏感期浮游植物与环境因子关系. 环境科学, 2011, 32(3): 641-648. |
[Zheng Binghui, Zhang Jialei, Wang Lijing, et al.Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton and related environmental factors in the Daning River during sensitive period of algal blooms. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 2011, 32(3): 641-648.] | |
[12] | 武安泉, 郭宁, 覃雪波. 寒区典型湿地浮游植物功能群季节变化及其与环境因子关系. 环境科学学报, 2015, 35(5): 1342-1349. |
[Wu Anquan, Guo Ning, Qin Xuebo, Seasonal variation of phytoplankton functional groups and their relationship with environmental factors in a typical cold regions wetland. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(5): 1342-1349.] | |
[13] |
林青, 由文辉, 徐凤洁, 等. 滴水湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系. 生态学报, 2014, 34(23): 6918-6929.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201303060360 |
[Lin Qing, You Wenhui, Xu Fengjie, et al.Zooplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Dishui Lake. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(23): 6918-6929.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201303060360 |
|
[14] |
赵长森, 刘昌明, 夏军, 等. 闸坝河流河道内生态需水研究: 以淮河为例. 自然资源学报, 2008, 23(3): 400-411.
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2008.03.006 |
[Zhao Changsen, Liu Changming, Xia Jun, et al.Instream ecological flow of dammed river: A case study of Huaihe River. Journal of Natural Resources, 2008, 23(3): 400-411.]
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2008.03.006 |
|
[15] | 马培, 杨丽标, 马梦娟,等. 淮河流域水质变化趋势研究. 环境科学与技术, 2013, 36(S2): 61-64. |
[Ma Pei, Yang Libiao, Ma Mengjuan, et al.Analysis of water quality variation trend in Huaihe River. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 36(S2): 61-64.] | |
[16] | 邹海明, 蒋良富, 李粉茹. 2004年淮河流域水质状况和聚类分析. 水资源保护, 2007, 23(1): 60-62. |
[Zou Haiming, Jiang Liangfu, Li Fenru.Water quality and cluster analysis of Huaihe River Basin in 2004. Protect water, 2007, 23(1): 60-62.] | |
[17] |
周亮, 徐建刚. 大尺度流域水污染防治能力综合评估及动力因子分析: 以淮河流域为例. 地理研究, 2013, 32(10):1792-1801.
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201310003 |
[Zhou Liang, Xu Jiangang, Comprehensive evaluation and driving factors analysis of water pollution prevention capability on a large-scale basin: Taking Huaihe River Basin as example. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(10): 1792-1801.]
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201310003 |
|
[18] |
Xia J, Zhang Y, Zhao C, et al.Bioindicator assessment framework of river ecosystem health and the detection of factors influencing the health of the Huai River Basin, China. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2014, 19(8): 481-486.
doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000989 |
[19] | 黄祥飞, 陈伟民, 蔡启铭. 湖泊生态调查观测与分析. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1999. |
[Huang Xiangfei, Chen Weimin, Cai Qiming.Lake Ecological Survey Observation and Analysis. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1999.] | |
[20] |
徐兆礼. 东海亚强真哲水蚤种群生态特征. 生态学报, 2006, 26(4) :1151-1158.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2006.04.024 |
[Xu Zhaoli, Ecological characters of the eucalanus subcrassus population in the East China Sea. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4): 1151-1158.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2006.04.024 |
|
[21] | Pielou E C. Ecological Diversity. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1975. |
[22] |
Tang T, Cai Q, Liu J.Using epilithic diatom communities to assess ecological condition of Xiangxi River system. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2006, 112(1-3): 347-361.
doi: 10.1007/s10661-006-7666-6 pmid: 16404550 |
[23] | Borcard D, Drapeau P.Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology, 1992, 73(3): 1045-1055. |
[24] |
Leira M, Sabater S.Diatom assemblages distribution in catalan rivers, NE Spain, in relation to chemical and physiographical factors. Water Research, 2005, 39(1): 73-82.
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.08.034 pmid: 15607166 |
[25] |
Jr L W H, Meeson B W, Jr T R F. Phytoplankton production in two east coast estuaries: Photosynthesis-light functions and patterns of carbon assimilation in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. Estuarine Coastal & Shelf Science, 1986, 23(6):773-806.
doi: 10.1016/0272-7714(86)90074-0 |
[26] |
曲克明, 陈碧鹃, 袁有宪, 等. 氮磷营养盐影响海水浮游硅藻种群组成的初步研究. 应用生态学报, 2000, 11(3): 445-448.
doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/17/9/008 |
[Qu Keming, Chen Bijuan, Yuan Youxian, et al.A preliminary study on influence of N and P on population constituent of planktonic diatoms in seawater. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000, 11(3): 445-448.]
doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/17/9/008 |
|
[27] | 王汉奎, 董俊德, 张偲, 等. 三亚湾氮磷比值分布及其对浮游植物生长的限制. 热带海洋学报, 2002, 21(1): 33-39. |
[Wang Hankui, Dong Junde, Zhang Si, et al.Distribution of N/P ratio and its limitation to growth of phytoplankton in Sanya bay. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2002, 21(1): 33-39.] | |
[28] |
Leland H V, Porter S D.Distribution of benthic algae in the upper Illinois River basin in relation to geology and land use. Freshwater Biology, 2000, 44(2): 279-301.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00536.x |
[29] | Flores L N, Barone R.Phytoplankton dynamics in two reservoirs with different trophic state (Lake Rosamarina and Lake Arancio, Sicily, Italy). Hydrobiologia, 1998, 129: 163-178. |
[30] |
陆欣鑫, 刘妍, 范亚文. 呼兰河湿地夏、秋两季浮游植物功能分组演替及其驱动因子. 生态学报, 2014, 34(5): 1264-1273.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201306061369 |
[Lu Xinxin, Liu Yan, Fan Yawen.Relationships between environmental variables and seasonal succession inphytoplankton function groups in the Hulan River wetland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(5): 1264-1273.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201306061369 |
[1] | 高超, 李学文, 许莹, 李德. 淮河流域蚌埠闸以上地区夏玉米生育阶段水分供需时空变化特征研究[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(7): 1833-1846. |
[2] | 史静静, 杨琳, 曾灿英, 朱阿兴, 秦承志, 梁朋. 土壤制图中多目标属性的环境因子及其尺度选择——以黑龙江鹤山农场为例[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(3): 635-646. |
[3] | 姚梦婷,高超,陆苗,刘青,胡春生. 1959-2008年淮河流域极端径流的强度和频率特征[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(8): 1535-1546. |
[4] | 徐芝英,胡云锋,甄霖,庄大方. 基于小波的浙江省NDVI与自然—人文因子多尺度空间关联分析[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(3): 567-577. |
[5] | 张正涛, 高超, 刘青, 翟建青, 王艳君, 苏布达, 田红. 不同重现期下淮河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评价[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(7): 1361-1372. |
[6] | 高超, 张正涛, 陈实, 刘青. RCP4.5情景下淮河流域气候变化的高分辨率模拟[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(3): 467-477. |
[7] | 周亮, 徐建刚. 大尺度流域水污染防治能力综合评估及动力因子分析——以淮河流域为例[J]. 地理研究, 2013, 32(10): 1792-1801. |
[8] | 王振波, 方创琳, 徐建刚, 吴茜薇. 淮河流域空间开发区划研究[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(8): 1387-1398. |
[9] | 郑伟, 韩秀珍, 王新, 黄大鹏, 李加林. 基于SSM/I数据的淮河流域洪涝监测分析[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(1): 45-52. |
[10] | 黄大鹏, 郑伟, 张人禾, 霍治国, 李加林, 彭顺风. 安徽淮河流域洪涝灾害防灾减灾能力评估[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(3): 523-530. |
[11] | 程先富, 余芬. 安徽省土壤侵蚀空间分布及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(8): 1461-1470. |
[12] | 盛绍学,石磊,刘家福,叶金印,刘荆. 沿淮湖泊洼地区域暴雨洪涝风险评估[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(3): 416-422. |
[13] | 董云社, 齐玉春, Manfred Domroes, 耿元波, 杨小红, 刘立新, 刘杏认. 内蒙古温带半干旱羊草草原N2O通量及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2004, 23(6): 776-784. |
[14] | 齐玉春, 董云社, 耿元波, 杨小红, 刘立新, 李明峰, 刘杏认. 内蒙古羊草草原不同物候期CH4通量日变化特征与日通量比较[J]. 地理研究, 2004, 23(6): 795-804. |
[15] | 章国材, 毕宝贵, 鲍媛媛, 廖要明. 2003年淮河流域强降水大尺度环流特征及成因分析[J]. 地理研究, 2004, 23(6): 805-814. |
|