足迹家族的改进及其在新疆生态文明建设评价中的应用

doi:10.11821/dlyj201612016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了更好地评价和推进生态文明建设,改进足迹家族并构建生态文明建设评价指标体系,以新疆为例进行试评估。结果表明：1990-2013年新疆的生态文明建设属中等水平。其中,生态压力一直处于低水平;温室气体由低排放升为高排放;水资源从中等压力升至高压力;社会发展由低水平上升至中等。空间上,2013年克孜勒苏州、阿勒泰地区、巴音郭楞州和伊犁直属县市的生态文明建设水平高,博尔塔拉州、塔城、喀什、和田及阿克苏等地区为中等水平,乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、吐鲁番地区、哈密地区和昌吉州的水平低。研究表明,制约新疆生态文明建设的主要因子是温室气体排放高和水资源压力大,节能减排和节水是今后需要努力的方向。

关键词: 生态文明建设, 足迹家族, 社会足迹, 人类发展指数

Abstract:

Faced with increasingly severe global resources depletion, environmental degradation and other ecological crisis, traditional model of development and civilization concept has become a fierce controversy. At present, the construction of ecological civilization has been proposed on an unprecedented importance, and its evaluation has become one of the spots of current research, and different evaluation systems have been developed successively. As most of the existing evaluation systems belong to multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, and the choice of evaluation indicators and assignment of the indicator weight is difficult to avoid the influence of subjective factors, the evaluation results might have poor comparability at different time and space. The Footprint Family was first proposed by Galli in 2012, which was defined as a set of indicators composed by Ecological Footprint, Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint. The method includes the basic connotation of ecological civilization construction, both environment-friendly and resource-saving society, and is less influenced by subjective factors compared with most of the current evaluation index systems. The deficiency of this method is the lack of the following such as subdivision index, comprehensive index and evaluation divided standards, especially is the lack of the social development index. The authors referred to the Human Development Index as a Social Footprint, constructed the evaluation index system of ecological civilization construction based on the Footprint Family, and took Xinjiang as an example to evaluate the ecological civilization construction. The results indicated that, from 1990 to 2013, the ecological civilization construction level of Xinjiang had a medium grade. The indicators composed of ecological civilization construction such as ecological pressure was a low level, GHG emission increased from a low to a high level, water pressure increased from a medium to a high level, and social development level increased from a low to an intermediate level. In 2013, ecological pressure was high in Urumqi, medium in Karamay, and low in other regions. GHG emission level was high in Urumqi, Karamay, Changji, Turpan and Kumul, medium in Bayingolin, Aksu and Tarbagatay Prefecture, and low in other regions. Water pressure was high in Urumqi, Karamay, Turpan, Kumul and the vast majority of regions, medium in Ili, Altay Prefecture and Bayingolin, and low in Kizilsu. The human society development level was high in Karamay, Bayingolin, Urumqi, Changji and Kumul, and medium in other regions. Ecological civilization was high in Kizilsu, Altay Prefecture, Bayingolin and Ili, medium in Bortala, Tarbagatay Prefecture, Kashgar, Hotan and Aksu, and low in Urumqi, Karamay, Turpan, Kumul and Changji, respectively. It is indicated that key factors that restricted ecological civilization in Xinjiang were GHG emissions and water shortage. Energy saving, emissions reduction and water savings are corresponding measures for ecological civilization construction in the future.

Key words: ecological civilization, Footprint Family, Social Footprint, Human Development Index

赵先贵, 马彩虹, 赵晶, 肖玲, 姑丽努尔·艾山. 足迹家族的改进及其在新疆生态文明建设评价中的应用[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(12): 2384-2394.

Xiangui ZHAO, Caihong MA, Jing ZHAO, Ling XIAO, Hasan GULINUR. Improvement of the Footprint Family and evaluation of ecological civilization in the Xinjiang, China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016, 35(12): 2384-2394.

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足迹家族原指标	改进后的指标	表征功能	与生态文明建设关联属性
生态足迹	生态压力指数	生态资本的供需评估	映射遵守自然规律和不超越区域的资源环境承载力生态文明建设准则
水足迹	水资源压力指数	区域水资源的压力	映射遵守自然规律和不超越区域的资源环境承载力生态文明建设准则
碳足迹	GHG排放指数	GHG排放的压力	映射建设环境友好型、资源节约型社会的生态文明建设内涵;映射绿色、循环和低碳发展理念
社会足迹	人类发展指数	经济、教育和健康水平	映射生态文明建设的社会经济发展维度
	生态文明指数	生态文明建设水平	综合映射生态文明建设内涵、准则及实现经济、社会和资源环境的可持续发展的生态文明建设目标

等级	Ⅰ_a	Ⅰ_b	Ⅱ_a	Ⅱ_b	Ⅲ_a	Ⅲ_b
EPI	<0.20	0.20~0.35	0.36~0.50	0.51~0.65	0.66~0.80	>0.80
生态压力	很低	较低	中下	中上	较高	很高
CEI	0~0.06	0.07~0.25	0.26~0.40	0.41~0.55	0.56~0.70	>0.70
GHG排放的压力	很低	较低	中下	中上	较高	很高
WPI	<0.20	0.20~0.35	0.36~0.50	0.51~0.65	0.66~0.80	>0.80
水资源压力	很低	较低	中下	中上	较高	很高
HDI	>0.80	0.70~0.80	0.60~0.69	0.50~0.59	0.49~0.4	<0.40
人类发展	很高	较高	中上	中下	较低	很低
ECI	>0.80	0.66~0.80	0.51~0.65	0.36~0.50	0.20~0.35	<0.20
生态文明水平	很高	较高	中上	中下	较低	很低