基于“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建

doi:10.11821/dlyj201703006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态安全格局构建是保障城市生态安全,实现城市可持续性发展的重要途径,也是景观生态学研究的热点领域之一。生态源地识别与空间阻力面构建一直是生态安全格局构建中的技术难点。以广东省云浮市为例,从生态系统服务重要性、生态敏感性与景观连通性三个方面识别生态源地,利用DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据修正基本生态阻力面,并运用最小累积阻力模型判定生态廊道,从而综合构建云浮市生态安全格局。研究表明：云浮市生态源地占全市总面积的36.47%,主要分布在西部与南部的山林地。云浮市生态廊道总长度为508.87 km,其中景观廊道总长度为315.58 km,组团廊道总长度为193.29 km,呈环状辐射分布于植被覆盖相对较好的山区地带。全市16个自然保护区基本都位于生态源地范围内。构建的“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架可以为区域生态安全格局构建提供新思路,从而有效指引相关空间规划。

关键词: 生态安全格局, 源地识别, 廊道判定, 最小累积阻力模型, 云浮市

Abstract:

Construction of ecological security patterns is an important approach to protecting urban ecological security and achieving urban sustainable development, which is one of key topics in the research of landscape ecology. The identification of ecological sources and the construction of spatial resistance surface have been the technical difficulties in the study of ecological security pattern. Yunfu city is the significant ecological hinterland of Guangdong Province with the backward economy, which is facing the pressure of ecological conservation as well as economic development. Thus, construction of ecological security pattern in Yunfu city can guide urban development and is also meaningful for protecting provincial ecological security. Based on GIS, ecological sources were identified from the aspects of ecosystem services' importance, ecological sensitivity, and landscape connectivity. On the basis of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light data, ecological resistance surface was modified, and using minimum cumulative resistance model, ecological corridors were identified. The ecological sources with corridors constituted regional ecological security patterns. The results showed that, the area of ecological sources accounted for 36.47% of the total area, mainly distributed in mountainous area in western and southern Yunfu, which took forest as the main land cover type. The length of ecological corridors was 508.87 km, including 315.58 km landscape corridors and 193.29 km cluster corridors. It was also found that all the 16 nature reserves were in the range of ecological sources, and the constructed ecological security patterns and the layout of urban master planning complemented each other. The framework of importance-sensitivity-connectivity can provide a new method for the construction of regional ecological security patterns, and the study results can provide related planning with effective spatial guidance.

Key words: ecological security patterns, ecological source identification, ecological corridor identification, minimum cumulative resistance model, Yunfu city

陈昕, 彭建, 刘焱序, 杨旸, 李贵才. 基于“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(3): 471-484.

Xin CHEN, Jian PENG, Yanxu LIU, Yang YANG, Guicai LI. Constructing ecological security patterns in Yunfu city based on the framework of importance-sensitivity-connectivity[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(3): 471-484.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

表2

图7

参考文献 48

[1]	Bloom D E, Canning D, Fink G.Urbanization and the wealth of nations. Science, 2008, 319(5864): 772-775. doi: 10.1126/science.1153057 pmid: 18258907
[2]	马克明, 傅伯杰, 黎晓亚, 等. 区域生态安全格局: 概念与理论基础. 生态学报, 2004, 24(4): 761-768. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2004.04.017
	[Ma Keming, Fu Bojie, Li Xiaoya, et al.The regional pattern for ecological security (RPES): The concept and theoretical basis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(4): 761-768.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2004.04.017
[3]	傅伯杰. 我国生态系统研究的发展趋势与优先领域. 地理研究, 2010, 29(3): 383-396. doi: 10.11821/yj2010030001
	[Fu Bojie.Trends and priority areas in ecosystem research of China. Geographical Research, 2010, 29(3): 383-396.] doi: 10.11821/yj2010030001
[4]	蒙吉军, 朱利凯, 杨倩, 等. 鄂尔多斯市土地利用生态安全格局构建. 生态学报, 2012, 32(21): 6755-6766. doi: 10.5846/stxb201109201384
	[Meng Jijun, Zhu Likai, Yang Qian, et al.Building ecological security pattern based on land use: A case study of Ordos, Northern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(21): 6755-6766.] doi: 10.5846/stxb201109201384
[5]	刘洋, 蒙吉军, 朱利凯. 区域生态安全格局研究进展. 生态学报, 2010, 30(24): 6980-6989.
	[Liu Yang, Meng Jijun, Zhu Likai.Progress in the research on regional ecological security pattern. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(24): 6980-6989.]
[6]	俞孔坚, 王思思, 李迪华, 等. 北京市生态安全格局及城市增长预景. 生态学报, 2009, 29(3): 1189-1204. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.03.015
	[Yu Kongjian, Wang Sisi, Li Dihua, et al.The function of ecological security patterns as an urban growth framework in Bejing. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(3): 1189-1204.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.03.015
[7]	俞孔坚, 王思思, 李迪华, 等. 北京城市扩张的生态底线: 基本生态系统服务及其安全格局. 城市规划, 2010, 34(2): 19-24.
	[Yu Kongjian, Wang Sisi, Li Dihua, et al.Ecological baseline for Beijing's urban sprawl: Basic ecosystem services and their security patterns. City Planning Review, 2010, 34(2): 19-24.]
[8]	黎晓亚, 马克明, 傅伯杰, 等. 区域生态安全格局: 设计原则与方法. 生态学报, 2004, 24(5): 1055-1062. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2004.05.029
	[Li Xiaoya, Ma Keming, Fu Bojie, et al.The regional pattern for ecological (RPES): Designing principles and methods. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(5): 1055-1062.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2004.05.029
[9]	康相武, 刘雪华. 北京顺义区域生态安全格局构建. 干旱区资源与环境, 2009, 23(10): 71-78.
	[Kang Xiangwu, Liu Xuehua.Construction of regional ecological security pattern for Shunyi District, Beijing. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2009, 23(10): 71-78.]
[10]	Yu K J.Security patterns and surface model in landscape ecological planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1996, 36(1): 1-17. doi: 10.1016/S0169-2046(96)00331-3
[11]	陈利顶, 吕一河, 田惠颖,等. 重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建基本原则与方法. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(3): 674-680.
	[Chen Liding, Lv Yihe, Tian Huiying, et al.Principles and methodology for ecological rehabilitation and security pattern design in key project construction. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(3): 674-680.]
[12]	张玉虎, 于长青, 塔西甫拉提·特依拜, 等. 风景区生态安全格局构建方法研究: 以北京妙峰山风景区为例. 干旱区研究, 2008, 25(3): 420-425.
	[Zhang Yuhu, Yu Changqing, TashpolatTiyip, et al. Methodology for constructing the landscape ecological security pattern in scenic area: A case study in the scenic area in the Miaofeng Mountain. Arid Zone Research, 2008, 25(3): 420-425.]
[13]	王让虎, 李晓燕, 张树文, 等. 东北农牧交错带景观生态安全格局构建及预警研究: 以吉林省通榆县为例. 地理与地理信息科学, 2014, 30(2): 111-115. doi: 10.7702/dlydlxxkx20140223
	[Wang Ranghu, Li Xiaoyan, Zhang Shuwen, et al.Research for landscape ecological security pattern and early warning in farming-pastoral zone of Northeast China: A case study of Tongyu county in Jilin province. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2014, 30(2): 111-115.] doi: 10.7702/dlydlxxkx20140223
[14]	周锐, 王新军, 苏海龙, 等. 平顶山新区生态用地的识别与安全格局构建. 生态学报, 2015, 35(6): 2003-2012. doi: 10.5846/stxb201305241169
	[Zhou Rui, Wang Xinjun, Su Hailong, et al.Identification and security pattern of ecological land in Pingdingshan newly developed area. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(6): 2003-2012.] doi: 10.5846/stxb201305241169
[15]	张小飞, 李正国, 王如松, 等. 基于功能网络评价的城市生态安全格局研究: 以常州市为例. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2009, 45(4): 728-736.
	[Chang Xiaofei, Li Zhengguo, Wang Rusong, et al.Study on network analysis for urban ecological security pattern in Changzhou city. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2009, 45(4): 728-736.]
[16]	游巍斌, 何东进, 洪伟, 等. 基于景观安全格局的武夷山风景名胜区旅游干扰敏感区判识与保护. 山地学报, 2014, 32(2): 195-204. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2014.02.009
	[You Weibin, He Dongjin, Hong Wei, et al.Identification for tourism disturbance sensitive areas and their protection based on landscape security pattern in World mixed heritage site Wuyishan Scenery District. Mountain Research, 2014, 32(2): 195-204.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2014.02.009
[17]	杨姗姗, 邹长新, 沈渭寿, 等. 基于生态红线划分的生态安全格局构建: 以江西省为例. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(1): 250-258. doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.201601.034
	[Yang Shanshan, Zou Changxin, Shen Weishou, et al. Construction of ecological security patterns based on ecological red line: A case study of Jiangxi province, Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(1): 250-258.] doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.201601.034
[18]	潘竟虎, 刘晓.疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建. 生态学杂志. 2016, 35(3): 791-799.
	[Pan Jinghu, Liu Xiao.Landscape ecological risk assessment and landscape security pattern optimization in Shule River Basin. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(3): 791-799.]
[19]	苏泳娴, 张虹鸥, 陈修治, 等. 佛山市高明区生态安全格局和建设用地扩展预案. 生态学报, 2013, 33(5): 1524-1534. doi: 10.5846/stxb201205160733
	[Su Yongxian, Zhang Hongou, Chen Xiuzhi, et al.The ecological security patterns and construction land expansion simulation in Gaoming. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(5): 1524-1534.] doi: 10.5846/stxb201205160733
[20]	俞孔坚, 王思思,李迪华. 区域生态安全格局: 北京案例. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.10.001
	[Yu Kongjian, Wang Sisi, Li Dihua.Regional ecological security patterns: The Beijing case. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2012.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.10.001
[21]	胡道生, 宗跃光, 许文雯. 城市新区景观生态安全格局构建: 基于生态网络分析的研究. 城市发展研究, 2011, 18(6): 37-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2011.06.007
	[Hu Daosheng, Zong Yueguang, Xu Wenwen.Research on the construction of landscape ecological security pattern in the new urban region development based on ecology network analysis. Urban Studies, 2011, 18(6): 37-43.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2011.06.007
[22]	王洁, 李锋, 钱谊, 等. 基于生态服务的城乡景观生态安全格局的构建. 环境科学与技术, 2012, 35(11): 199-204.
	[Wang Jie, Li Feng, Qian Yi, et al.Landscape security pattern design based on ecosystem service. Environmental science & Technology, 2012, 35(11): 199-204.]
[23]	黎燕琼, 张海鸥, 龚固堂, 等. 成都市景观生态安全格局动态变化. 西南林业大学学报, 2012, 32(6): 48-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1914.2012.06.010
	[Li Yanqiong, Zhang Haiou, Gong Gutang, et al.The dynamic change of landscape ecological security pattern in Chengdu Municipality. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2012, 32(6): 48-58.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1914.2012.06.010
[24]	肖笃宁, 陈文波, 郭福良. 论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(3): 354-358.
	[Xiao Duning, Chen Wenbo, Guo Fuliang.On the basic concepts and contents of ecological security. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(3): 354-358.]
[25]	赵筱青, 王兴友, 谢鹏飞, 等. 基于结构与功能安全性的景观生态安全时空变化: 以人工园林大面积种植区西盟县为例. 地理研究, 2015, 34(8): 1581-1591. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201508015
	[Zhao Xiaoqing, Wang Xingyou, Xie Pengfei, et al.Spatio-temporal changes of landscape eco-security based on structure and function safety: A case study of a large artificial forest planted area in Ximeng county, China. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(8): 1581-1591.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201508015
[26]	吴健生, 张理卿, 彭建, 等. 深圳市景观生态安全格局源地综合识别. 生态学报, 2013, 33(13): 4125-4133. doi: 10.5846/stxb201208081123
	[Wu Jiansheng, Zhang Liqing, Peng Jian, et al.The integrated recognition of the source area of the urban ecological security pattern in Shenzhen. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(13): 4125-4133.] doi: 10.5846/stxb201208081123
[27]	李月臣. 中国北方13省市区生态安全动态变化分析. 地理研究, 2008, 27(5): 1150-1160. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2008.05.018
	[Li Yuechen.The dynamic changes of ecological security in northern China. Geographical Research, 2008, 27(5): 1150-1160.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2008.05.018
[28]	Costanza R, d'Arge R, de Groot R, et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 1997, 387(1996): 253-260. doi: 10.1038/387253a0
[29]	Daily G C, Söderqvist T, Aniyar S, et al.The value of nature and the nature of value. Science, 2000, 289(5478): 395-396. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600019638 pmid: 10939949
[30]	贾良清, 欧阳志云, 赵同谦, 等. 安徽省生态功能区划研究. 生态学报, 2005, 25(2): 254-260. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2005.02.011
	[Jia Liangqing, Ouyang Zhiyun, Zhao Tongqian, et al.The ecological function regionalization of Anhui province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(2): 254-260.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2005.02.011
[31]	王治江, 李培军, 万忠成, 等. 辽宁省生态系统服务重要性评价. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(10): 1606-1610.
	[Wang Zhijiang, Li Peijun, Wan Zhongcheng, et al.Assessment of ecosystem service importance in Liaoning province. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(10): 1606-1610.]
[32]	肖寒, 欧阳志云, 赵景柱, 等. 森林生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估初探: 以海南岛尖峰岭热带森林为例. 应用生态学报, 2000, 11(4): 481-484. doi: 10.1007/s11769-000-0054-1
	[Xiao Han, Ouyang Zhiyun, Zhao Jingzhu, et al.Forest ecosystem services and their ecological valuation: A case study of tropical forest in Jianfengling of Hainan Island. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000, 8(11):481-484.] doi: 10.1007/s11769-000-0054-1
[33]	Li X S, Wu B F, Wang H, et al.Regional soil erosion risk assessment in Hai Basin. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011, 15(2): 372-387. doi: 10.11834/jrs.20110289
[34]	Potter C S, Randerson J T, Field C B, et al.Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data. Global Biogeochemical Cycle, 1993, 7(4): 811-841. doi: 10.1029/93GB02725
[35]	孙传谆, 甄霖, 王超, 等. 基于InVEST模型的鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性情景分析. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(7): 1119-1125. doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201507006
	[Sun Chunzhun, Zhen Lin, Wang Chao, et al.Biodiversity simulation of Poyang Lake wetlands by InVEST model under different scenarios. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(7): 1119-1125.] doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201507006
[36]	欧阳志云. 中国生态环境敏感性及区域差异规律研究. 生态学报, 2000, 20(1): 9-12. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2000.01.002
	[Ouyang Zhiyun.China’s eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial heterogeneity. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000, 20(1): 9-12.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2000.01.002
[37]	潘峰, 田长彦, 邵峰, 等. 新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究. 地理学报, 2011, 66(11): 1497-1507. doi: 10.11821/xb201111006
	[Pan Feng, Tian Changyan, Shao Feng, et al.Evaluation of ecological sensitivity in Karamay, Xinjiang, Northwest China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(11): 1497-1507.] doi: 10.11821/xb201111006
[38]	赵庆良, 王军, 许世远, 等. 沿海城市社区暴雨洪水风险评价: 以温州龙湾区为例. 地理研究, 2010, 29(4): 665-674. doi: 10.11821/yj2010040009
	[ZhaoQingliang, Wang Jun, Xu Shiyuan, et al. Flood risk assessment of coastal community: A case study in Longwan district of Wenzhou city. Geographical Research, 2010, 29(4): 665-674.] doi: 10.11821/yj2010040009
[39]	官宝红,李君, 曾爱斌, 等.杭州市城市土地利用对河流水质的影响. 资源科学. 2008, 30(6): 857-863. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-7588.2008.06.009
	[Guan Baohong, Li Jun, Zeng Aibin, et al.Impacts of urban land use on water quality in Hangzhou. Resources Science, 2008, 30(6): 857-863.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-7588.2008.06.009
[40]	熊春泥, 魏虹, 兰明娟. 重庆市都市区绿地景观的连通性. 生态学报, 2008, 28(5): 2237-2244. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.05.040
	[Xiong Chunni, Wei Hong, Lan Mingjuan.Analysis of connectivity on greenland landscape in metropolitan region of Chongqing city. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(5): 2237-2244.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.05.040
[41]	Taylor P D, Fahrig L, Henein K, et al.Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure. Oikos, 1993, 68(3): 571-573.
[42]	朱强, 俞孔坚, 李迪华. 景观规划中的生态廊道宽度. 生态学报, 2005, 25(9): 2406-2412. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2005.09.037
	[Zhu Qiang, Yu Kongjian, Li Dihua.The width of ecological corridor in landscape planning. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9): 2406-2412.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2005.09.037
[43]	蔡青, 曾光明, 石林, 等. 基于栅格数据和图论算法的生态廊道识别. 地理研究, 2012, 31(8): 1523-1534. doi: 10.11821/yj2012080016
	[Cai Qing, Zeng Guangming, Shi Lin, et al.Identifying ecological corridors using shortest path algorithm based on raster data. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(8): 1523-1534.] doi: 10.11821/yj2012080016
[44]	Knaapen J P, Scheffer M, Harms B.Estimating habitat isolation in landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1992, 23(1): 1-16. doi: 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90060-D
[45]	刘孝富, 舒俭民, 张林波. 最小累积阻力模型在城市土地生态适宜性评价中的应用: 以厦门为例. 生态学报, 2010, 30(2): 421-428.
	[Liu Xiaofu, Shu Jianmin, Zhang Linbo.Research on applying minimal cumulative resistance model in urban land ecological suitability assessment: As an example of Xiamen city. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(2): 421-428.]
[46]	吴健生, 牛妍, 彭建, 等. 基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的1995-2009年中国地级市能源消费动态. 地理研究, 2014, 33(4): 625-634. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201404003
	[Wu Jiansheng, Niu Yan, Peng Jian, et al.Research on energy consumption dynamic among prefecture-level cities in China based on DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light. Geographical Research, 2014, 33(4): 625-634.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201404003
[47]	乌尼图, 岳德鹏, 张亦超,等. 基于3S技术的城乡区域生态节点的识别与分析. 环境科学与技术, 2014, 37(2):184-189.
	[Wu Nitu, Yue Depeng, Zhang Yichao, et al.Identification and analysis of ecological nodes of urban and suburban areas based on 3S technology. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 37(2):184-189.]
[48]	俞孔坚. 生物保护的景观生态安全格局. 生态学报, 1999, 19(1): 8-15. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1999.01.002
	[Yu Kongjian.Landscape ecological security patterns in biological conservation. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1999, 19(1): 8-15.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1999.01.002

	云城区	云安区	新兴县	罗定市	郁南县
极重要	5.00	8.29	103.07	223.45	419.77
重要	178.79	262.11	633.37	511.97	493.43
一般重要	416.29	658.38	620.98	928.44	620.75
不重要	159.36	275.38	160.62	674.39	431.34

来源	划定区域	规模（km²）	占比（%）
云浮市城乡统筹发展规划	禁止建设区	665	8.54
云浮市城乡统筹发展规划	限制建设区	4680	60.12
云浮市土地利用总体规划（2006-2020）	禁止建设区	999.6	12.84
云浮市土地利用总体规划（2006-2020）	限制建设区	6267	80.50
云浮市环境保护规划纲要（2006-2020）	严格控制区	1205.8	15.49
云浮市环境保护规划纲要（2006-2020）	有限开放区	4297.4	55.20
云浮市生态安全格局	禁止建设区	2967.44	38.12
云浮市生态安全格局	限制建设区	3127.14	40.17