黄土高原地区人类活动强度时空变化分析

doi:10.11821/dlyj201704005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在采用建设用地当量面积占区域土地总面积百分比法计算黄土高原地区各县级单元人类活动强度基础上,从总体变化、类型时空分异、地域单元变化及空间自相关性四方面分析人类活动强度时空变化特征。结果表明：1992年黄土高原地区人类活动强度为12.48%,2000年达到14.49%,2008年仅上升至14.81%,2000年以前增长相对较快,2000年以后增长明显放缓;人类活动强度空间分布格局呈现出西北低、东南高的特点,二者之间的区域则随时间发生一定变化,呈现出较低、中等、较低与中等类型交错分布的变化趋势;除黄土丘陵地区人类活动强度较低、低类型大幅度转化为中等类型外,其他五大地域单元空间分布格局变化不大;人类活动强度具有显著的空间集聚（正相关）特征,高值集聚区主要分布于黄土高原地区东南部的汾渭谷地和豫西北盆地区,低值集聚区大片集中于西北半壁的鄂尔多斯风沙区、黄土丘陵地区以及青东高原山地丘陵区。

关键词: 黄土高原地区, 人类活动强度, 时空变化, 人口密度

Abstract:

This paper adopted the method of the ratio of construction land equivalent area to the total area to calculate human activity intensity at county level in the Loess Plateau region. On the basis, the overall change of human activity intensity, its spatial-temporal differentiation, geographical unit change and spatial autocorrelation were analyzed. The results were shown as follows. (1) Human activity intensity was 12.48% in 1992 and 14.49% in 2000. But it only rose to 14.81% in 2008. Before 2000, it grew fast. After that, the growth decelerated markedly. (2) Characteristics of spatial pattern of human activity intensity were that the northwest was low and the southeast was high. Human activity intensity in the central parts changed from lower type to lower-medium type. The type of very high and high was relatively stable. However, the range of the medium type greatly expanded. The scope of the type of low and very low narrowed down obviously. (3) The type of low and very low changed into the medium one in many parts of the loess hilly region. The spatial pattern of human activity intensity changed little in the other five natural geographical units. Valley-basin area and Hetao Plain were characterized by the levels of very high, high and medium. Multiple types were distributed in the eastern mountainous area. The loess hilly region was featured by the levels of medium and low. Erdos windy-sandy area had a characteristic of the types of low and very low. (4) Human activity intensity had obvious spatial agglomeration. Before 2000, spatial agglomeration level was increasingly strengthened. After that, it was relatively stable. High-value concentrated areas were mainly distributed in the Fenhe-Weihe Valley and northwestern Henan. Low-value concentrated areas was found in the Erdos windy-sandy area, the loess hilly region and eastern Qinghai Plateau. (5) Human activity intensity and population density were correlated under the significance level of 0.01. The correlation indicated that population density played an important role in the change of human activity intensity. Besides population density, human activity intensity was also influenced by natural and socio-economic factors, such as terrain, water resource, energy and mineral resources and traffic condition. There were good natural conditions and high socio-economic development level in the Fenhe-Weihe Valley, Taiyuan Basin as well as northwestern Henan, with the human activity intensity being higher that other regions. It was just opposite in eastern Qinghai Plateau and Erdos windy-sandy area etc. Because of the rich energy and mineral resources, human activity intensity was high or medium in some parts of Shanxi province.

Key words: Loess Plateau region, human activity intensity, spatial-temporal variation, population density

徐小任, 徐勇. 黄土高原地区人类活动强度时空变化分析[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(4): 661-672.

Xiaoren XU, Yong XU. Analysis of spatial-temporal variation of human activityintensity in Loess Plateau region[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(4): 661-672.

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等级类型	分级标准(%)	1992年		2000年		2005年		2008年
等级类型	分级标准(%)	县级单元数	均值(%)	县级单元数	均值(%)	县级单元数	均值(%)	县级单元数	均值(%)
高	>28	23	33.89	25	33.41	25	33.66	24	34.60
较高	20~28	42	23.47	49	23.30	55	22.97	60	23.04
中等	13~20	95	15.98	145	16.13	140	16.38	137	16.34
较低	8~13	87	10.44	60	10.66	61	10.93	60	10.99
低	<8	37	6.26	5	7.23	3	7.04	3	7.12