结构化理论在“地方”研究中的应用——以北京三里屯的演变为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201706006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人文主义地理学家率先将“地方”作为独立概念提出来,强调了个体行动者在地方性的塑造中的主体性;社会建构学派则从更为宏观的社会结构出发,探讨了权力关系、经济生产形式等结构性因素对地方性形成的影响。中国大部分关于“地方”的实证研究,从研究视角上大体可以分为强调个人经验和强调社会建构两个派系,但是在实际情况中,这两种机制往往同时在地方性的形成和演变中发挥着作用。在社会学中被广泛应用的结构化理论对解决这一分歧有建设性意义。把这一研究视角应用于对北京三里屯地方身份演变的研究中,论述社会结构和个体行动者的社会实践相互影响、互相转化的过程,以及这一互动过程对“地方”的空间职能、社会认同以及其与外部的相对关系的影响。“地方”在结构化理论的研究视角下,既不只是个人经验和意义的总和,也不仅仅是宏观社会经济结构的空间产物,而是“社会—个体—地方”这一复杂的多重互动关系的一部分,既是上一环“结构—行动”互动的结果,又是下一次“结构—行动”互动的背景。

关键词: 地方性, 地方演变, 结构化理论, 人文主义地理学, 社会建构学派, 三里屯

Abstract:

"Place" was posed by humanistic geographers in the 1970s as a term opposite to "space". Humanists emphasize the importance of subjective feelings and individual experiences in place formation. In their argument, place is a collection of personal experiences and meanings. Place identity is formed based on internal identification. Social constructionists, on the other hand, believe that we cannot understand place properly without an analysis of the bigger social structure. Place is a product of social construction. Power relationship, economic production pattern, and cultural norms all exert an influence on place formation. Place identity, in other words, is based on its relationship with outside world and its relative position in macro-structure. Most place-related researches on China are also divided into two groups on account of methodological perspective. However, humanistic and constructionist motivations are usually at work at the same time in place formation and transformation. Structuration theory, which is widely used in sociological researches, is a constructive perspective in overcoming the dualism in methodology of place-related research. This perspective is used in this article to analyze the transformation of place identity of Sanlitun, a neighborhood in Beijing. From the transformation of Sanlitun's spatial structure, sense of identity and its relative position in macroeconomic structure, we could observe that place is neither purely a collection of personal meaning and experiences, nor purely a product of social structure. It is influenced by the interaction between the practices of social actors and social structure. Place is part of this interrelationship. It is the result from the interaction of actors and structure; meanwhile, it becomes the background in which the next round of interaction takes place. "Society-Actors-Place" forms a complicated multilateral interrelationship.

Key words: place identity, place transformation, structuration theory, humanistic geography, social constructionist geography, Sanlitun

郎朗, 林森. 结构化理论在“地方”研究中的应用——以北京三里屯的演变为例[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(6): 1065-1080.

Lang LANG, Sen LIN. Place transformation from the perspective of structuration theory:A case study of Sanlitun, Beijing[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(6): 1065-1080.

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