1990-2015年浙江省大陆岸线变迁与开发利用空间格局变化

doi:10.11821/dlyj201706013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析海岸线变迁及开发利用空间格局变化对加强岸线资源管理,推动海岸带地区可持续发展具有重要意义。以1990-2015年6期的TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,利用RS和GIS技术,分析浙江省大陆岸线变迁及开发利用空间格局变化。结果表明：① 浙江省大陆岸线变迁显著,岸线向海推进,总长度不断缩减,其中自然岸线长度缩减,人工岸线显著增加;② 岸线平均分形维数为1.0922,2000年之前较稳定,其后持续下降,2015年降至1.086;③ 浙江省大陆岸线人工化指数上升,最显著的变化是大量基岩岸线转变为港口码头岸线,其中杭州湾北岸区、象山港岸区和椒江口岸区人工化程度最高;④ 杭州湾南岸区、三门湾岸区及瓯江口—沙埕港岸区岸线开发利用始终为单一主体结构,而象山港岸区为二元结构类型,其余岸区的开发利用主体类型结构呈现出不同类型的演化趋势;⑤ 岸线开发强度不断上升,由0.25升高至0.38,其中象山港岸区开发强度最大,2015年达到了0.53。

关键词: 大陆岸线, 岸线变迁, 空间格局, 海岸人工化, 浙江

Abstract:

Due to the intensive impacts of natural processes and anthropogenic activities, coastline changes have become one of the most important characteristics in coastal evolution. Detecting coastline changes and understanding the spatial patterns of human utilization are of great significance to provide knowledge for coastal resources management with sustainable development purposes. This study took six periods of remote sensing images from 1990 to 2015 as primary data sources for identifying coastlines, analyzing coastline changes, and recognizing the spatial patterns of the changes affected by human activities in Zhejiang Province. The results showed: (1) since 1990, the coastline changes in this province was significant; the total length of coastline, as well as the natural coastlines, was reduced; the coastlines constantly moved toward the sea and the artificial shorelines were significantly increased. (2) In the past 25 years, the whole coastline fractal dimension of Zhejiang is 1.0922; before 2000, the fractal dimension was relatively stable, then it showed a downward trend; in 2015, it reduced to 1.086. (3) During the last 25 years, the artificial index of Zhejiang's coastline has been rising; the transformation from the bedrock shoreline to port shoreline was the major changes; the artificial degree of the northern Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Harbor and Jiaojiang Port were the highest in the coastal areas. (4) during the study period, in 7 natural coastal areas of Zhejiang, the shoreline utilization structure of southern Hangzhou Bay, Sanmen Bay and Oujiang Estuary-Shacheng harbour maintained a single subject, the using type of Xiangshan Port District were dual structure, and the remaining areas showed different characteristics of evolution trend. (5) The shoreline development strength of Zhejiang presented a rising trend in the past 25 years; it rose from 0.25 in 1990 to 0.38 in 2015; the development and utilization of coastline strength of Xiangshan Harbor District is the largest among all harbors/bays; the strength index reached 0.53 in 2015.

Key words: mainland coastline, coastline change, spatial pattern, artificial coast, Zhejiang

叶梦姚, 李加林, 史小丽, 姜忆湄, 史作琦, 徐谅慧, 何改丽, 黄日鹏, 冯佰香. 1990-2015年浙江省大陆岸线变迁与开发利用空间格局变化[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(6): 1159-1170.

Mengyao YE, Jialin LI, Xiaoli SHI, Yimei JIANG, Zuoqi SHI, Lianghui XU, Gaili HE, Ripeng HUANG, Baixiang FENG. Spatial pattern change of the coastline development and utilization in Zhejiang from 1990 to 2015[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(6): 1159-1170.

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网格边长,ε（m）	对应比例尺分母,Q
75	250000
150	500000
300	1000000
600	2000000
900	3000000
1000	-
1100	3500000
1200	4000000
1500	5000000
1800	6000000
2500	-
3000	10000000

区域岸线主体类型	条件
单一主体结构	某一类岸线D_i>0.45
二元、三元结构	每一类岸线D_i<0.45,但存在两类或两类以上岸线D_i>0.2
多元结构	每一类岸线D_i<0.4,且只有一类岸线D_i>0.2
无主体结构	每一类岸线D_i<0.2

岸线类型	岸线资源环境影响状况	影响因子
自然岸线	对海岸带资源及生态环境影响较小	0.1
城镇与工业岸线	对海岸带资源及生态环境影响显著,且大多为不可逆的	1
防护岸线	对海岸带资源及生态环境影响较小,且能够抵御风暴潮等自然灾害	0.2
港口码头岸线	对海岸带资源及生态环境影响较大,且大多为不可逆的	0.8
养殖区岸线	对海岸带资源及生态环境影响稍大,且部分为不可逆的	0.6

	长度(km)							长度变化量(km)
	1990		1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	1990-1995	1995-2000	2000-2005	2005-2010	2010-2015
杭州湾北岸区	104.48	103.33	105.31	111.83	100.06	99.96		-1.15	1.99	6.51	-11.77	-0.10
杭州湾南岸区	166.12	167.48	156.91	174.54	165.62	159.89		1.36	-10.57	17.63	-8.92	-5.73
象山港岸区	414.88	412.57	390.71	392.33	369.11	374.58		-2.31	-21.86	1.62	-23.22	5.46
三门湾岸区	491.81	481.28	474.87	451.93	458.71	460.41		-10.53	-6.41	-22.94	6.78	1.70
椒江口岸区	180.40	172.98	192.83	170.00	185.84	186.53		-7.42	19.85	-22.83	15.84	0.69
乐清湾岸区	275.55	304.43	286.74	259.54	226.42	236.04		28.88	-17.68	-27.20	-33.12	9.62
瓯江口—沙埕港岸区	271.22	271.40	267.87	265.73	281.99	287.71		0.18	-3.53	-2.14	16.26	5.72
总计	1904.45	1913.45	1875.24	1825.89	1787.74	1805.11		9.01	-38.22	-49.34	-38.15	17.37

	变迁面积（km²）
	1990-1995年	1995-2000年	2000-2005年	2005-2010年	2010-2015年	1990-2015年
杭州湾北岸区	-0.17	13.65	65.44	24.55	-13.50	89.97
杭州湾南岸区	63.15	134.28	51.07	298.53	178.51	725.55
象山港岸区	14.38	35.91	14.51	22.92	4.78	92.51
三门湾岸区	-10.36	83.60	-1.38	22.87	-8.25	86.48
椒江口岸区	10.46	35.92	40.99	63.60	0.20	151.16
乐清湾岸区	-5.03	65.43	4.79	110.69	-32.73	143.15
瓯江口—沙埕港岸区	-3.45	14.53	7.64	56.48	30.62	105.81
总计	68.98	383.32	183.06	599.64	159.63	1394.63