近15年中亚及新疆生态系统水分利用效率时空变化分析

doi:10.11821/dlyj201709011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于一元线性回归法和Mann-Kendall检验方法,使用2000-2014年遥感数据,分析15年中亚五国及新疆GPP、ET、WUE的空间格局变化及趋势特征,并将参数检验结果相结合进行分类,分析WUE格局变化原因。研究表明：① GPP、ET、WUE在时间序列上无显著变化,WUE空间变化显著增加的区域为哈萨克斯坦北部、伊犁河谷和吉尔吉尔斯坦高山区,下降区域为新疆南疆和乌兹别克斯坦灌溉区。② WUE变化的主要土地覆盖类型是农田和草地,中密度人口区WUE变化较大。③ WUE上升因降水增加、退耕导致的GPP增加,干旱胁迫下植被抗逆导致ET下降,WUE下降由于农作物类型转变及灌溉区不合理用水造成。开展中亚WUE空间格局变化研究,可为“一带一路”的顺利推进提供理论依据。

关键词: 水分利用效率, 中亚五国, 新疆, 趋势特征

Abstract:

It is a great significance to study the carbon-water cycle which accurately evaluates the temporal and spatial variabilities of ecosystems water use efficiency (WUE). In this study, the linear regression method and Mann-Kendall test were used to study the variabilities of spatial pattern of GPP, ET and WUE in the five Central Asian countries and Xinjiang from 2000 to 2014, then, the results of parameter tests of GPP, ET and WUE were combined and classified to analyze the causes of changes of WUE. The results showed that: (1) GPP, ET and WUE in the study area had no significant changes in time series. The spatial distribution of WUE had significant increases in the northern part of Kazakhstan, Ili Valley and alpine region in Kyrghyzstan, and had decreases in the south Xinjiang and the irrigated area of Uzbekistan. (2) The main land cover types which led to changes of WUE were farmland and grassland, and area with the medium density population had the great changes of WUE. (3) The?increased WUE was resulted from the increased GPP and the decreased ET. The increased GPP was due to the increased precipitation and the Green for Grain Project, and the decreased ET was due to the response of vegetation to drought stress; the decreased WUE was mainly due to the changes of crops planted and unreasonable water use in the irrigated agricultural area in Central Asia and Xinjiang. This study on the basis of the variabilities of spatial pattern of WUE can provide a theoretical basis for the successful implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative".

Key words: water use efficiency, five Central Asian countries, Xinjiang, trend characteristics

邹杰, 丁建丽, 杨胜天. 近15年中亚及新疆生态系统水分利用效率时空变化分析[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(9): 1742-1754.

Jie ZOU, Jianli DING, Shengtian YANG. Spatial and temporal variation analysis of ecosystem water use efficiency in Central Asia and Xinjiang in recent 15 years[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(9): 1742-1754.

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	GPP			ET			WUE
	显著上升		显著下降		显著上升	显著下降	显著上升	显著下降
XJ	9.2BC	0.9A		2.7A	6.7B		19.2B	2.0AB
UZB	1.6AB	13.1B		0.8A	3.5AB		5.1A	7.0B
TKM	0.4A	4.9A		0.4A	1.1A		0.5A	3.3AB
TJK	8.3BC	1.3A		1.1A	0.5A		24.0B	5.2B
KGZ	23.4D	0.3A		0.5A	2.7AB		71.7D	0.0A
KZA	KZA	2.2A		0.4A	27.5C		63.0C	0.1A

	GPP			ET			WUE
	显著上升		显著下降		显著上升	显著下降	显著上升	显著下降
高密度人口区	18.7B	7.9B		7.4B	11.8A		41A	9.2B
低密度人口区	44.5C	19.4C		0.3A	14.2A		36.5A	0.4A
中密度人口区	8.3A	2.4A		0.9A	23.5B		55.4B	1.1A

	GPP			ET			WUE
	显著上升		显著下降		显著上升	显著下降	显著上升	显著下降
灌木	2.9A	5.3A		1.1A	4.5A		14.0A	4.8A
草地	9.2B	2.0A		1.0A	23.8B		54.2C	0.3A
农田	8.5B	6.3A		1.9A	22.1B		75.5D	5.1A
森林	3.8AB	1.9A		0.3A	5.1A		41.6B	0.5A