中国传统村落人居环境转型发展及其研究进展

doi:10.11821/dlyj201710006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随着城市化的快速推进,传统村落人居环境正处于全面转型的关键阶段,前瞻性地研究传统村落人居环境转型发展的过程与机理就显得尤为重要。借助CitespaceⅤ软件分析传统村落与人居环境研究的热点领域,梳理传统村落空间形态演变与重构、社会文化变迁与传承、生态环境特征与适应以及人居环境更新与营建等方面的研究进展,并进行简要评述,在此基础上,从理论总结、多学科融合、方法创新以及模式归纳等方面提出了未来相关研究的重点领域和研究思路。未来传统村落人居环境转型发展研究应以人地关系理论为指导,加强多学科的深度融合和方法创新,以构建传统村落人居环境转型发展的理论体系与建设模式为目标,综合集成三维数字化、遥感与GIS以及数理模型等研究方法,重点研究传统村落人居环境系统的演化规律、阶段判别、类型区分、动力机制等。结合经典案例研究,比较典型模式的演化过程和人居要素相互作用机制,探索推进传统村落人居环境转型发展的地域模式和科学途径,为中国人居环境科学理论提供重要参数。

关键词: 传统村落, 人居环境, 转型发展, 空间重构

Abstract:

With rapid development of urbanization in the past decades in China, traditional villages' human settlement in China is at a critical stage of overall transformation. Prospective study on progress and mechanism of transformation development of traditional villages' human settlement are of great significant. Using the Citespace V software, this paper analyzed the research hotspot of traditional villages and human settlements. Also the research progress of spatial morphological evolution and reconstruction of traditional villages, socio-cultural inheritance and variation, ecological environment characteristics and adaptation, human settlement renewal and construction, were teased and reviewed. Based on the above analysis and short comments, key fields and research ideas of future research were put forward from the aspects of theory summary, multi-disciplinary integration, technique innovation and model induction. Future research on transformation development of traditional villages' human settlement should be guided by the theory of man-land relationship and strengthened by the in-depth integration of multi-science and technique innovation. Aiming to construct the theoretical system and construction mode of transformation of traditional villages' human settlement, and comprehensive integration of 3D digitization, remote sensing & GIS technology and mathematical model, this paper mainly studied the evolution laws, stage identification, type classification and driving force mechanism of human settlement system of traditional villages. Through analysis of classic cases and comparison of evolution progress and human settlements interaction mechanism of typical models, this paper explored the regional model and scientific path on advancing transformation development of traditional villages' human settlement. Furthermore, based on the theory model for the transformation of traditional villages' human settlement, some counter-measures are put forward in the view of coordinating mechanism of self-organization and hetero-organization, monitoring of eco-environment quality, and traditional culture inheritance and renewal. Meanwhile, the self-organization innovation way of transformation of traditional villages' human settlement should be built by capital investment, policy guidance, and technical support, which provided a critical parameter for the theory of human settlements sciences.

Key words: traditional villages, human settlement, transformation development, spatial reconstruction

李伯华, 刘沛林, 窦银娣, 曾灿, 陈驰. 中国传统村落人居环境转型发展及其研究进展[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(10): 1886-1900.

Bohua LI, Peilin LIU, Yindi DOU, Can ZENG, Chi CHEN. Research progress on transformation development of traditional villages' human settlement in China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(10): 1886-1900.

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方向	传统村落研究路径	人居环境研究路径
1	古村落（传统聚落）—文化景观—人居环境—城镇化	人居环境科学—人居环境建设—城市人居环境—评价指标体系
2	传统村落—旅游开发—徽州古村落—新农村建设	居住环境—层次分析法—模糊层次分析法—主成分分析—协调发展—城市化
3	古村落保护—历史文化名村—物质文化遗产—可持续发展	可持续发展—指标体系—乡村人居环境—GIS—熵值法
4	古村落旅游—村落文化—公共空间—历史建筑
5	整体风貌—建筑风貌—空间形态—景观特征
特点	关键词较为分散,研究多元化,其中,第1条发展路径的关键词节点最大,是传统村落研究的主要方向	人居环境研究关注点较为集中,这一点与传统村落多学科、多视角的交融研究态势相反