羌塘高原高寒湖盆区土壤属性分异特征研究——以查日那足山麓至湖滨地区为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201711005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析典型资料匮乏的高寒区——羌塘高原中部查日那足山麓湖盆区8个点位0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~20 cm三个深度层次的22个土壤样品,分析改区域的土壤属性特征及其空间分异规律。研究发现：① 研究区土壤pH值平均为8.9;有机质、全磷、全钾等养分含量低;钙、镁含量高;钠、钾、铁等元素含量低。② 从湖滨到山麓,土壤中大于2 mm砾石含量呈逐渐降低的趋势,但细土物质平均粒径逐渐变大;土壤有机质、氮、钠、微量元素含量呈上升趋势,钙和镁呈下降趋势;其他指标波动较大。③ 土壤碳氮比稳定在5:1左右;钙、镁含量呈显著正相关,钙镁与其他指标呈显著负相关;钾、钠与除钙、镁外的其他金属元素含量呈显著的正相关关系。

关键词: 土壤理化性状, 高寒区, 土壤形成, 羌塘高原, 青藏高原

Abstract:

The Changtang Plateau is a typical alpine area in Asia, as well as one of the regions with fewer available data. Exploring soil properties and their data is very helpful to grasp the soil forming characteristics in cold environments. Twenty two soil samples, covering the three layers: 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, from 8 sample points, were collected from Charinazu piedmont to the lakeside near Chabu village in Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region in the central area of Changtang plateau. The soil particle composition, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali solution nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were measured. Soil properties and their spatial characteristics were discussed. The results indicated: (1) the soil pH is 8.9; Compared to the national background values of frigid calcic soils, the soil organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium and alkali solution nitrogen content are lower; Ca and Mg content are higher; and Na, K, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn contents are lower than the corresponding background values. (2) Spatial characteristics: the soil pH value was lower near the lakeside and piedmont, and it was higher in the middle section; From the lakeside to the foothills, the gravel (with more than 2 mm diameter) content showed a reducing trend, but the average particle size of fine soil (less than 2 mm) increased gradually; Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali solution nitrogen content increased; Available potassium and available phosphorus decreased, but the total phosphorus content fluctuated greatly with no obvious trend. Soil Ca and Mg content showed a declining trend; Na increased slightly; Fe fluctuated; and Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Mn content also increased slightly with large fluctuations. (3) Soil pH, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, alkali solution nitrogen, and Cd had poor relationships to the values of other soil indicators. The correlation coefficient between soil organic matter and total nitrogen content was very high with a ratio of 5: 1, and they both had close correlations to most major and trace soil elements. There was a significantly positive correlation between soil Ca and Mg, and a significantly negative correlation to the values of other soil indicators. In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation between soil K, Na, and other metal element content except for Ca and Mg.

Key words: soil property, alpine area, soil formation, Qiangtang Plateau, Tibetan Plateau

王兆锋, 张镱锂, 刘林山, 赵志龙, 祁威. 羌塘高原高寒湖盆区土壤属性分异特征研究——以查日那足山麓至湖滨地区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(11): 2088-2100.

Zhaofeng WANG, Yili ZHANG, Linshan LIU, Zhilong ZHAO, Wei QI. Soil spatial characteristics in lake basin on Qiangtang Plateau： A case study from Charinazu piedmont to lakeside[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(11): 2088-2100.

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指标	测定方法	指标	测定方法
粒度	激光粒度分析仪	碱解氮	LY/T 1229-1999
pH值	LY/T 1239-1999	有效磷	NY/T 148-1990
有机质	NY/T85-1988,GB 9834-88	速效钾	NY/T 889-2004
全氮	NY/T 53-1987	Ca、Mg、Na	NY/T 296-1995
全磷	NY/T 88-1988,GB 9837-88	Fe、Mn	LY/T 1256-1999
全钾	NY/T 87-1988,GB 9836-88	Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn	GB/T17141-1997

数据来源	中国土壤元素背景值调查			第二次土壤普查		西藏第一次土地资源调查	喀喇昆仑山—昆仑山考察	本文
范围/类型	寒钙土	西藏	全国	寒钙土	寒钙土骨干剖面①	寒钙土典型剖面②	寒钙土调查剖面③	平均值
层次/深度	A层	A层	A层	未分	0~8 cm	0~10 cm	0~12 cm	0~10 cm
>2 mm石砾(%)	-	-	-	-	47	16	32	24
pH值	8.6	7.6	6.7	-	7.9	8.5	9.4	8.9
有机质(g/kg)	16.9	46.2	31.0	30.7	21.5	13.1	12.6	4.9
全氮(g/kg)	-	-	-	2.1	1.5	0.8	0.7	0.5
全磷(g/kg)	-	-	-	-	0.3	0.7	0.7	0.3
全钾(g/kg)	18.6	20.4	18.6	-	19.0	27.2	21.9	12.0
碱解氮(mg/kg)	-	-	-	-	98.0	50.0	-	12.6
有效磷(mg/kg)	-	-	-	4.3	2.3	7.7	-	69.7
速效钾(mg/kg)	-	-	-	170.6	149.0	218.0	-	190.4
Ca(g/kg)	27.1	12.2	15.4	-	11.6	7.2	26.66^*	175.6
Mg(g/kg)	7.3	7.0	7.8	-	5.9	-	12.17^*	33.9
Na(g/kg)	12.0	12.2	10.2	-	12.3	-	9.16^*	6.9
Fe(g/kg)	24.3	30.2	29.4	-	22.4	-	31.1	15.0
Mn(mg/kg)	516.0	625.0	583.0	-	465.0	-	539.7	228.8
Pb(mg/kg)	25.0	29.1	26.0	-	-	-	31.9	12.8
Cd(mg/kg)	0.116	0.081	0.097	-	-	-	0.053	0.054
Cr(mg/kg)	80.8	76.6	61.0	-	-	-	64.7	32.9
Cu(mg/kg)	20.0	21.9	22.6	-	-	-	16.2	13.8
Zn(mg/kg)	66.4	74.0	74.2	-	-	-	84.7	38.4

	pH	有机质	总氮	全磷	全钾	碱解氮	有效磷	速效钾	Na	Ca	Mg	Fe	Mn	Pb	Cd	Cr	Cu
pH
有机质	0.097
总氮	0.272	0.879^**
全磷	-0.092	-0.001	-0.093
全钾	0.189	0.549^**	0.702^**	0.141
碱解氮	0.120	0.542^**	0.656^**	-0.096	0.334
有效磷	-0.006	-0.082	-0.342	0.296	-0.156	-0.274
速效钾	-0.049	-0.249	-0.296	0.202	-0.028	-0.399	0.154
Na	-0.009	0.298	0.495^**	0.069	0.815^**	0.165	-0.144	-0.151
Ca	-0.188	-0.349	-0.530^**	-0.191	-0.895^**	-0.152	0.061	-0.128	-0.840^**
Mg	-0.394	-0.468^*	-0.700^**	0.090	-0.719^**	-0.604^**	0.252	0.402	-0.728^**	0.644^**
Fe	0.190	0.408	0.616^**	-0.001	0.582^**	0.197	-0.306	0.244	0.376	-0.600^**	-0.214
Mn	0.089	0.543^**	0.653^**	0.224	0.838^**	0.214	-0.118	0.090	0.640^**	-0.837^**	-0.474^*	0.712^**
Pb	0.201	0.569^**	0.704^**	0.246	0.895^**	0.315	-0.083	-0.012	0.780^**	-0.883^**	-0.681^**	0.632^**	0.878^**
Cd	0.005	0.309	0.391	-0.296	-0.023	0.459^*	-0.423	-0.426^*	-0.124	0.346	-0.213	-0.011	-0.159	-0.119
Cr	0.274	0.534^*	0.660^**	0.325	0.769^**	0.178	-0.160	0.118	0.492	-0.719	-0.423	0.750^**	0.851^**	0.771^**	0.026
Cu	0.217	0.749^**	0.861^**	0.320	0.843^**	0.472^*	-0.200	-0.104	0.630	-0.761	-0.654^**	0.688^**	0.825^**	0.879^**	0.108	0.880^**
Zn	0.287	0.614^**	0.771^**	-0.031	0.801^**	0.407	-0.213	-0.140	0.660	-0.725	-0.705^**	0.653^**	0.670^**	0.823^**	0.195	0.732^**	0.833^**