长江三角洲地区物流供应链时空演化及其影响因素——基于国际货代企业数据的分析

doi:10.11821/dlyj201711010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物流供应链是交通运输地理研究的新议题。以长三角为案例,基于2005年、2010年和2015年国际货代企业数据,借助复杂网络等方法,探究物流供应链时空演化及影响因素。研究发现：长三角物流供应链形成以上海为核心的放射状格局,上海周边节点发展较快;物流一体化程度在加强,但浙江—江苏间联系增长缓慢,省内差异显著;节点组织—控制能力差异明显,南京始终是江苏物流供应链核心节点,宁波、杭州组成的“双核”是浙江物流供应链核心节点;供应链稳定性呈波动趋好态势,区域尺度供应链效率不断提高。当前,长三角物流供应链演化正处于第四阶段。经济发展与城市区位、宏观政策与市场化、物流一体化与物流资源整合、全球生产网络与物流企业组织是主要影响因素。

关键词: 物流供应链, 时空演化, 国际货运代理企业, 尺度, 长江三角洲

Abstract:

With the rapid reconstruction of global industrial spatial organization, Logistics Supply Chain (LSC) is becoming a new topic of transportation geography. Understanding the spatio-temporal evolution of the LSC and its influencing factors can help policy makers more efficiently guide the regional spatial reorganization of the logistics in an integrative context. Based on the data of the relational international freight forwarding enterprises in 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper explores the evolutionary process, the formed pattern and the influencing factors of LSC in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) on both the regional and provincial scales, by mainly using the complex network research method. The result implies that the LSC of YRD presents radial pattern characteristics, taking Shanghai as the core. Suzhou, Nantong, Jiaxing and other nodes surrounding Shanghai have developed rapidly. The degree of LSC integration in YRD is strengthening, while the connection between Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces grows slowly, with obvious disparities within the provinces. The organization-control capability of the nodes are remarkably different in the regional and provincial scales. Nanjing has always been the core node of LSC in Jiangsu. The core node of Zhejiang is composed of “dual-core structure” of Ningbo and Hangzhou, controlling regional and provincial elements respectively. The stability of LSC is getting better in the two scales, with the efficiency of LSC in the regional scale increasing, but the efficiency of LSC in provincial scales is obviously different. Based on the analysis, this paper presents the five-stage development model of LSC evolution, and currently the LSC of YRD is in the fourth development stage. The main influencing factors include the regional economic development and city location, macro policies and marketization, logistics integration and logistics resources coordination, global production network and logistics enterprise organization. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the development of LSC in YRD as follows: (1) Shanghai should strengthen connections with neighboring Suzhou, Nantong, Jiaxing and other nodes, jointly building an international supply chain center; (2) give full play to the advantageous functions of Ningbo and Hangzhou in LSC respectively as the dual cores by better consolidation and coordination; (3) fully enhance the cooperation between Yangzhou and Taizhou, so as to strengthen the radiation of Sunan (Southern Jiangsu) towards Subei (Northern Jiangsu).

Key words: Logistics Supply Chain (LSC), spatial-temporal evolution, international freight forwarding enterprise, scale, Yangtze River Delta (YRD)

梁双波, 曹有挥, 吴威. 长江三角洲地区物流供应链时空演化及其影响因素——基于国际货代企业数据的分析[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(11): 2156-2170.

Shuangbo LIANG, Youhui CAO, Wei WU. Spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of Logistics Supply Chain in the Yangtze River Delta: Based on international freight forwarding enterprises data[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(11): 2156-2170.

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类型	节点	2005年	2010年	2015年	类型	节点	2005年	2010年	2015年
持续上升型	上海	7.177	8.301	8.631	先升后降型	杭州	1.656	1.809	1.694
	宁波	3.588	4.974	5.243		金华	0.315	0.371	0.334
	连云港	0.237	0.323	0.440		台州	0.158	0.210	0.187
	舟山	0.039	0.048	0.067		盐城	0.118	0.129	0.120
	湖州	0.079	0.081	0.093		绍兴	0.079	0.145	0.147
	宿迁	-	0.016	0.027		衢州	-	0.032	0.027
	淮安	-	-	0.013		丽水	-	0.162	0.133
持续下降型	南京	4.811	3.295	3.015	持续下降型	扬州	0.355	0.162	0.133
	苏州	2.721	2.164	2.094		镇江	0.394	0.226	0.213
	无锡	1.104	0.888	0.827		徐州	0.039	0.032	0.027
	南通	0.907	0.678	0.640		温州	0.355	0.323	0.307
	泰州	0.237	0.129	0.107		嘉兴	0.315	0.275	0.253
先降后升型	常州	0.315	0.226	0.227

类型	节点城市	2005年	2010年	2015年
持续上升型	无锡	1.328	1.466	1.469
	南通	0.839	0.880	0.935
	连云港	0.140	0.440	0.490
	淮安	0.000	0.000	0.045
	宿迁	0.000	0.000	0.045
	舟山	0.149	0.154	0.229
持续下降型	泰州	0.349	0.342	0.312
	扬州	0.559	0.391	0.356
	镇江	0.699	0.586	0.579
	嘉兴	1.041	0.720	0.688
先升后降型	苏州	2.726	2.786	2.671
	常州	0.489	0.538	0.490
	徐州	0.070	0.098	0.089
	盐城	0.210	0.342	0.312
	杭州	3.716	3.907	3.758
	湖州	0.149	0.154	0.138
	绍兴	0.297	0.463	0.413
	金华	0.892	0.977	0.917
	衢州	0.000	0.051	0.046
	台州	0.595	0.668	0.642
先降后升型	南京	5.591	5.132	5.209
	宁波	3.270	2.622	2.888
	温州	0.892	0.822	0.871
	丽水	0.000	0.463	0.413

	2005年		2010年		2015年
	D	EI	D	EI	D	EI
长三角	0.103	0.320	0.148	0.049	0.160	0.091
江苏	0.135	-0.222	0.180	-0.200	0.199	-0.273
浙江	0.146	0.000	0.209	-0.176	0.218	-0.222

	2005	2010	2015
长三角	2.143	2.074	2.031
江苏	2.62	2.289	2.306
浙江	1.4	2.038	2.025

	2005年		2010年		2015年
	RBC	PBC	RBC	PBC	RBC	PBC
上海	27.379	-	43.279	-	43.376	-
宁波	19.662	25.556	21.322	28.519	18.919	26.667
南京	12.234	39.394	7.053	39.394	18.877	71.212
连云港	7.415	13.636	8.285	13.636	8.575	16.667
杭州	4.771	25.556	8.14	61.852	6.347	60
苏州	1.329	3.03	1.292	3.03	1.111	3.03
南通	1.908	4.545	0.918	4.545	0.845	4.545
无锡	0.664	1.515	0.646	1.515	0.556	1.515
盐城	1.087	24.242	0	0	0	0
嘉兴	0	0	0.731	0.741	0.912	2.222
绍兴	0	0	0	0	0.483	0