科技创新推动区域经济发展模式转型：作用和机制

doi:10.11821/dlyj201712001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受经济发展条件等复杂因素的影响,区域经济发展模式在不断进行调整与转换。基于“技术—组织—区域”三位一体理论,分析科技创新促进区域经济发展模式转型的作用和机制,并运用Malmquist指数,研究科技创新在中国区域经济发展模式转型中的作用。研究表明：① 区域经济发展模式转型依赖于技术、组织、区域的共同演化。② 科技创新对区域经济发展模式转型具有积极作用,表现为推动经济发展水平提升和经济结构转型两方面,中国各区域经济发展模式总体上向创新驱动型转变。③ 科技创新对区域经济发展模式转型作用具有不确定性,地方的环境性因素在很大程度上决定创新策略与转型路径,处于不同发展阶段、具有不同资源禀赋的区域其科技创新重点也不同。中西部地区经济较落后,依靠技术引进、加强创新合作等外生力量是其最优选择;经济发展水平较高的东部地区应重视知识创新与积累,寻求原创性技术创新,增强内生创新能力。

关键词: 科技创新, 区域经济发展模式, 转型, 技术—组织—区域

Abstract:

Influenced by some complex factors such as economic development conditions, the regional economic development models keep constantly self-adjusting and reconstructing. Based on the trinity of "technology-organization-region", we tackle the issue of role and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation, by concentrating on how to promote the transformation of regional economic development models. Employing the Malmquist index method, we make an empirical analysis, by using 16 typical models in China as an example. We find that: (1) the dynamics of regional economic development models depends on a comprehensive tri-polar analytical framework, namely technology, organization and region, which bound together in a reflexive manner that stimulates an evolutionary dynamic. (2) Scientific and technological innovation plays an extreme positive role in regional economic development models transformation, which is mainly manifested during the process of the improvement in economic development and transformation of economic structure. On the whole, there is an obvious trend that China is undergoing a shift from traditional economic models to innovation-driven ones. (3) Due to the uncertainty and vagueness of scientific and technological innovative effects, the context is assumed to be a crucial factor and expected to influence the innovation strategy and transformation path. The regions should set different innovation strategies to suit its own developmental stages or/and different resource endowment. Specifically, strengthening technology acquisition and innovation cooperation is the optimal choice for central and western underdeveloped regions, while eastern developed regions should pay more attention to creating and accumulating new knowledge, also seeking originality innovation and enhancing the endogenous innovation capability.

Key words: scientific and technological innovation, regional economic development model, transformation, technology-organization-region

尚勇敏, 曾刚. 科技创新推动区域经济发展模式转型：作用和机制[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(12): 2279-2290.

Yongmin SHANG, Gang ZENG. The role and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation in promoting the transformation of regional economic development models[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(12): 2279-2290.

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	GDP	固定资本存量	劳动力	R&D占GDP比例	FDI占GDP比例
极大值	7964.81	25627.23	1715.40	5.20	22.44
极小值	40.23	358.82	29.40	0.10	0.19
均值	1454.53	5277.30	498.73	1.25	5.12
标准差	1425.29	5477.37	364.33	0.91	4.40

年份	技术效率	技术进步	纯技术效率	规模效率	TFP	年份	技术效率	技术进步	纯技术效率	规模效率	TFP
97-98	0.964	1.152	0.969	0.995	1.111	06-07	0.981	1.137	1.005	0.977	1.115
98-99	0.954	1.141	0.960	0.994	1.088	07-08	0.966	1.163	1.021	0.947	1.125
99-00	0.968	1.174	0.972	0.996	1.136	08-09	0.956	1.053	0.996	0.961	1.007
00-01	0.974	1.082	0.977	0.996	1.054	09-10	1.074	0.977	1.021	1.052	1.034
01-02	0.962	1.151	0.960	1.002	1.108	10-11	1.005	1.087	1.014	0.992	1.093
02-03	1.002	1.152	0.986	1.017	1.155	11-12	0.983	1.050	1.004	0.979	1.032
03-04	0.964	1.184	0.969	0.995	1.141	12-13	0.993	1.033	1.015	0.978	1.025
04-05	1.008	0.970	0.995	1.013	0.978	13-14	0.989	1.027	0.989	0.999	1.016
05-06	0.998	1.107	0.991	1.007	1.104	平均	0.985	1.085	0.991	0.994	1.066