中国大陆交通网络通达性演化

doi:10.11821/dlyj201712004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了分析中国大陆交通网络发展的通达性,诊断其特征与存在问题,为优化路网规划提供支持,将中国大陆铁路、公路网络作为研究对象,以2007年、2016年和2030年为时间节点,将空间句法模型进行扩展以实现其在宏观尺度的应用,分析研究区通达性演化。首先对交通网络分类,对上述时间节点构建空间句法模型;其次采用通达度衡量轴线通达性水平并分析其变化。研究发现：① 通达性中心大致位于京津冀城市群、长三角城市群、成渝都市圈为顶点的三角形区域内;② 由上述顶点和珠三角城市群构成的“十”字型交通网络结构特征正在形成,通达性较好的轴线应逐步实现线状、面状分布;③ 提升交通网络通达性中心区位应在于强化上述顶点构成的“钻石型”交通网络结构。

关键词: 通达性, 空间演化, 空间句法, 集成度, 交通网络

Abstract:

In order to analyze the accessibility of the traffic network development in Chinese Mainland, examine its characteristics and existing problem and provide the support for optimizing the traffic network plans, this paper took the railway and highway network in Chinese Mainland as the research object, the year of 2007, 2016 and 2030 as the time nodes, and extended the space syntax model to realize the macro scaled application and analyzed accessibility evolution in research area. Firstly, we divided the traffic network into four types, classified the traffic network and built the space syntax model on these time nodes. Secondly, we judged the axes level with accessibility and analyzed its changes. We used major cities to break long axis and the experimental result showed that the extended model was more applicable. Later, the space syntax model was constructed for these time nodes and the space syntax indexes were calculated by programming. In order to make qualitative estimation, the accessibility of the axis was measured by using the value of connectivity and local integration so that the accessibility of traffic network on these time nodes was analyzed. The following conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) China's regional accessibility center was not obvious in comprehensive consideration of a variety of transportation networks. Overall, the accessibility centers were located in urban agglomerations around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta, and Chengdu-Chongqing region. The axis value of global integration would continue to rise in the future. (2) With Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration as a point, the traffic network structure was forming a crossing pattern, and axis with good accessibility should gradually become the linear and planar distribution. (3) To improve the accessibility of traffic network was to intensify this diamond-type structure. Besides, high-speed railways and expressways should play major roles in traffic network expansion. We extended the traffic network of high-speed railway and expressway along development axes and tried to verify the conclusion. The result showed that the axial distribution pattern with good accessibility would become basically planar distribution so that the expansion plan of traffic network in this paper was turned out to be true.

Key words: accessibility, spatial evolution, space syntax, integration degree, traffic network

梁宇, 郑新奇, 宋清华, 白书建. 中国大陆交通网络通达性演化[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(12): 2321-2331.

Yu LIANG, Xinqi ZHENG, Qinghua SONG, Shujian BAI. Analysis on the evolution of traffic network accessibility in Chinese Mainland[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(12): 2321-2331.

图/表 11

表1

空间句法指标含义和计算公式"

指标名称	指标含义	计算公式
连接值 (Connect)	表示与轴线相连接的其余轴线数量,反映轴线在整个空间中的连接能力或可选择性。连接值越高,轴线的通达性水平也就越高	$C i = k$
控制值 (Control)	表示某条轴线对与之相交的空间的控制程度,反映轴线对全部空间的重要程度。控制值越高,该条轴线也就越重要	$Ctr l i = ∑ 1 n 1 C i$
深度值 (Depth)	分为总深度值（Global Depth,简写为D_i）、平均深度值（Mean Depth,简写为MD_i）和局部深度值（Local Depth,简写为LD_i）,表示节点到达其他所有节点以及深度值为3以内节点的最少连接次数	$D i = ∑ j = 1, j ≠ i n d ij$ $L D i = ∑ j = 1, j ≠ i, d ij ≤ 3 n d ij$ $M D i = D i n - 1$
集成度值 (Integration Index)	分为全局集成度（Global Integration Index,简写为I_i）和局部集成度（Local Integration Index,简写为LI_i）,反映网络中的节点与其他节点的集聚或离散程度。集成度越高,通达性越好	$I i = n - 2 2 (M D i - 1$ $L I i = n [lo g 2 n + 2 3 - 1] + 1 (n - 1) (M D i - 1$

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

图3

图4

表4

图5

图6

图7

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图层名称	权重值	图层名称	权重值
高速公路	0.67	高速铁路	0.40
国道	0.33	普通铁路	0.40
公路总计	1.00	铁路总计	0.80

主干线	年份
主干线	2007	2016	2030
京广线	0.66	0.85	0.96
京沪线	0.57	0.76	0.86
陇海线	0.62	0.75	0.93
所有轴线	0.31	0.40	0.43

地域	年份	轴线数量	通达度		地域	年份	轴线数量	通达度		地域	年份	轴线数量	通达度
地域	年份	轴线数量	总值	均值	地域	年份	轴线数量	总值	均值	地域	年份	轴线数量	总值	均值
Ⅰ区	2007	152	1512.36	9.95	Ⅳ区	2007	144	1001.61	6.96	武 \| 广	2007	92	698.88	7.60
	2016	182	2439.81	13.41		2016	201	2157.43	10.73		2016	145	2338.42	16.13
	2030	243	3985.94	16.40		2030	283	3887.11	13.74		2030	184	3222.93	17.52
Ⅱ区	2007	129	947.65	7.35	Ⅴ区	2007	169	1042.18	6.17	武 \| 成	2007	89	707.33	7.95
	2016	185	2427.18	13.12		2016	204	1797.96	8.81		2016	139	2033.41	14.63
	2030	264	3535.24	13.39		2030	284	3346.78	11.78		2030	171	2996.80	17.53
Ⅲ区	2007	202	959.41	4.75	京 \| 武	2007	144	1703.94	11.83	武 \| 沪	2007	120	1582.75	13.19
	2016	277	2453.40	8.86		2016	189	3315.24	17.54		2016	144	2432.78	16.89
	2030	435	4662.18	10.72		2030	248	5232.29	21.10		2030	165	3332.81	20.20