基于贫困居民视角的旅游扶贫满意度评价

doi:10.11821/dlyj201712007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

借鉴多维贫困理论,采取因子分析方法,构建了基于贫困居民视角的旅游扶贫满意度评价指标体系,并运用模糊综合评价模型,以贵州郎德镇为例,对贫困居民旅游扶贫满意度进行定量评价。研究发现：① 贫困居民旅游扶贫满意度的评价指标包括经济条件、生活水平、社会和谐、医疗健康、公共设施、教育条件、生态文化,以及扶贫参与及收益等8个方面;② 贫困居民旅游扶贫满意度模糊综合评价结果表明,郎德镇旅游扶贫的满意度水平处于“一般”到“满意”之间;③ 贫困居民旅游扶贫满意度的重要性—绩效评价揭示了郎德镇贫困居民比较重视,但同时也是旅游扶贫工作中比较薄弱的地方,为郎德镇提升贫困居民旅游扶贫满意度提供依据。

关键词: 旅游扶贫, 贫困居民, 满意度, 模糊综合评价

Abstract:

To improve the accuracy and long-term effect of poverty alleviation, it is of great significance to investigate poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation. Despite its importance, few studies have been conducted on the evaluation of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation. Based on the multidimensional poverty theory, this paper constructs the evaluation factors of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation based on literature review, multidimensional poverty indicators of the United Nations, as well as depth interviews with the poor residents. Employing fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, and taking Langde Town in Guizhou Province as an example, we carried out the quantitative evaluation of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation. The results indicate that: (1) The evaluation items of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation can be grouped into eight categories based on principal component analysis, namely, economic conditions, living standard, participation in tourism development and the stability of the benefits, health level, social harmony, public facilities, educational conditions, and ecology and culture. Among the eight evaluation factors, economic conditions, participation in tourism development and the stability of the benefits, and living standard are the three factors that poor residents most concerned. (2) The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation in Langde Town is 3.68, indicating that the level of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation in this town is between the level of "moderate" and "satisfied". (3) The importance-performance evaluation of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation revealed the weaknesses of the current tourism poverty alleviation in the study area, namely, "poverty alleviation accuracy", "benefit distribution of poverty alleviation", "tourism development participation", "tourism decision-making participation", and "the long-term effect of tourism poverty alleviation", which provides scientific reference for improving poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation. Collectively, this study makes theoretical contribution to tourism research by applying multidimensional poverty theory into the evaluation of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation.

Key words: tourism poverty alleviation, poor residents, satisfaction, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

汪侠, 甄峰, 沈丽珍, 吴小根. 基于贫困居民视角的旅游扶贫满意度评价[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(12): 2355-2368.

Xia WANG, Feng ZHEN, Lizhen SHEN, Xiaogen WU. Evaluation of poor residents' satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(12): 2355-2368.

图/表 3

表1

表2

因子分析结果"

评价指标	因子载荷	特征值	方差解释百分比	Cronbach's α	均值	标准差
经济条件（U₁）		7.765	23.530	0.94
1、提高家庭收入（U₁₁）	0.853				3.31	1.441
2、增加就业（U₁₂）	0.869				3.08	1.408
3、降低贷款难度（U₁₃）	0.816				3.04	1.422
4、带动第三产业发展（U₁₄）	0.849				3.29	1.443
5、带动工农业发展（U₁₅）	0.774				3.11	1.634
生活水平（U₂）		3.983	12.071	0.913
6、改善住房条件（U₂₁）	0.850				3.41	1.337
7、改善水电条件（U₂₂）	0.848				3.15	1.274
8、优化家庭资产（U₂₃）	0.856				3.39	1.332
9、优化燃料类型（U₂₄）	0.842				3.13	1.266
10、改善卫生设施（U₂₅）	0.768				3.34	1.336
扶贫参与及收益（U₃）		3.33	10.092	0.896
11、旅游开发参与（U₃₁）	0.938				3.85	0.903
12、旅游决策参与（U₃₂）	0.857				3.80	1.02
13、扶贫收益分配（U₃₃）	0.755				3.80	0.934
14、扶贫精准性（U₃₄）	0.832				3.99	0.816
15、扶贫长效性（U₃₅）	0.783				3.74	0.943
医疗健康（U₄）		2.886	8.746	0.924
16、改善医疗条件（U₄₁）	0.782				4.00	1.392
17、改善健康状况（U₄₂）	0.861				3.64	1.527
18、增加医疗报销机会（U₄₃）	0.831				3.63	1.518
19、增加医疗保险机会（U₄₄）	0.861				3.57	1.543
社会和谐（U₅）		2.431	7.366	0.862
20、提升女性地位（U₅₁）	0.868				3.52	1.381
21、提高本地知名度（U₅₂）	0.854				3.41	1.335
22、增强地方认同感（U₅₃）	0.862				3.51	1.379
评价指标	因子载荷	特征值	方差解释百分比	Cronbach's α	均值	标准差
23、促进家庭和谐（U₅₄）	0.775				3.35	1.285
24、促进邻里和谐（U₅₅）	0.595				3.44	1.41
公共设施（U₆）		1.888	5.722	0.841
25、美化村庄环境（U₆₁）	0.854				3.52	0.944
26、改善道路交通（U₆₂）	0.829				3.53	0.889
27、改善信息通讯（U₆₃）	0.815				3.67	0.934
教育条件（U₇）		1.530	4.638	0.679
28、改善教育设施（U₇₁）	0.732				2.39	1.312
29、增加技能培训（U₇₂）	0.817				2.74	1.481
30、加强语言学习（U₇₃）	0.688				2.71	1.597
生态文化（U₈）		1.279	3.875	0.776
31、提升环保意识（U₈₁）	0.610				3.29	1.384
32、改善生态环境（U₈₂）	0.851				3.28	1.480
33、促进文化传承（U₈₃）	0.790				3.40	1.525

表2

图1

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人口社会属性特征		人数	占比（%）	人口社会属性特征		人数	占比（%）
性别	男	201	50.63	家中是否有旅游从业人员	是	293	73.80
性别	女	196	49.37	家中是否有旅游从业人员	否	104	26.20
年龄（岁）	≤18	26	6.55	文化程度	小学及以下	41	10.33
	19~30	95	23.93		初中	102	25.69
	31~50	202	50.88		高中	191	48.11
	51~60	56	14.11		大专	61	15.37
	≥61	18	4.53		本科及以上	2	0.50
家庭人均纯收入（元）	≤500	5	1.26	居住地	郎德村	106	26.70
	501~1000	21	5.29		报德村	91	22.92
	1001~2000	141	35.52		乌流村	90	22.67
	2001~2800	230	57.93		南猛村	110	27.71