跨江择居居民的居住满意度及影响因素——以南京市浦口区为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201712009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用浦口区跨江择居居民的居住满意度问卷调查的数据,利用SPSS和AMOS分析平台,运用结构方程模型,对南京市跨江择居居民居住满意度水平和影响因素进行分析和探讨。结果表明：居民跨江择居的总体满意度较高。不同属性居民之间有一定差异,年龄较小或较大、收入水平一般、工作比较稳定、家庭结构简单等人群满意度较高;家庭人口数量多、收入较高、工作稳定性差等人群满意度相对较低;中学以上文化程度的人群居住满意度差异较小。跨江择居居住满意度受诸多因素影响,其中,住房质量和自然环境是影响居民居住满意度的最主要因素,而跨江交通可达性是最为关键的因素。因此,加强跨江交通建设,提高跨江交通通达性尤为重要。研究旨在厘清城市居民跨江择居的影响因素,为政府制定相关政策引导居民跨江择居提供参考,对加快城市跨江拓展进程有重要的现实意义。

关键词: 跨江择居, 居住满意度, 影响因素, 浦口区

Abstract:

Based on the survey data of the questionnaires, the urban residential satisfaction and its influencing factors (including family structure, age structure, educational level, income level and occupational type) of the residents choosing to live trans-Yangtze River in Pukou District were analyzed by using SPSS, AMOS and Structural Equation Model. Results show that the overall residential satisfaction is high. There exists different residential satisfaction between different attributes. The satisfaction is higher among those who are younger or older, and have the average income level, the more stable work and the simple family structure. Moreover, the satisfaction is lower among those who have a large family, have a high wage, and do an unstable job. There is no significant difference in living satisfaction among the people with high school degree or above. Residential satisfaction of cross-river choosing residence is influenced by many factors, including housing quality, natural environment, traffic accessibility, shopping environment, infrastructure and community quality. Housing quality and natural environment are the most important factors that affect the residential satisfaction. The Yangtze River has a certain influence on the satisfaction of people choosing residence across the river in Nanjing, but it is not the decisive factor. The inevitable time and economic cost affect the residential satisfaction experience, so the traffic accessibility is the most critical factor. With the trans-Yangtze River development of the city, the river function switches from the production to the life function gradually. The influence on the satisfaction of cross-river choosing residence by river is becoming weak. The traffic integration on both sides of the river is important to promote the coordinated development of urban space, and is also the best way to improve the living satisfaction of the trans-Yangtze River choosing residence. Therefore, in addition to the housing quality improvement, and optimization of the living environment, improvement of trans-Yangtze River traffic accessibility is still the most important content of urban construction in Nanjing. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influencing factors of trans-Yangtze River choosing residence from the micro-subject view, and provide reference for policy making of the government. Moreover, the result has practical significance to accelerate the development of the cities across the Yangtze River.

Key words: residential choise trans-Yangtze River, residential satisfaction, influencing factors, Pukou district

李俊峰, 高凌宇, 马作幸. 跨江择居居民的居住满意度及影响因素——以南京市浦口区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(12): 2383-2392.

Junfeng LI, Lingyu GAO, Zuoxing MA. Residential satisfaction and its influencing factors of the residents choosing to live trans-Yangtze River[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(12): 2383-2392.

图/表 10

表1

图1

表2

表3

图2

表4

表5

跨江择居居住满意度探索性因子分析结果"

所属维度	测量题项	成份1	成份2	成份3	成份4	成份5	成份6	成份7
购物环境	蔬菜食品类	0.135	0.056	0.712	0.235	0.110	0.105	0.097
	日常用品类	0.114	0.213	0.823	0.173	0.113	0.107	0.008
	服装衣饰类	0.197	0.178	0.815	0.141	0.106	0.108	0.041
	家用电器类	0.234	0.149	0.810	0.080	0.109	0.091	-0.004
自然环境	空气质量	0.178	0.117	0.136	0.776	0.146	0.032	0.074
	饮水水质	0.188	0.075	0.221	0.725	0.078	0.181	0.013
	公园与绿地	0.216	0.115	0.169	0.797	0.179	0.039	0.119
	自然景观	0.215	0.086	0.158	0.733	0.236	0.088	0.132
社会环境	垃圾处理	0.229	0.286	0.115	0.238	0.614	0.040	0.045
	噪声干扰情况	0.213	0.246	-0.051	0.385	0.504	0.157	-0.050
	邻里和谐状况	0.046	0.068	0.235	0.108	0.704	0.167	0.103
	治安管理	0.292	0.152	0.068	0.094	0.738	0.092	0.073
	居民素质	0.290	0.081	0.112	0.161	0.718	0.120	0.109
基础设施	教育设施	0.662	0.111	0.230	0.174	0.310	0.048	0.070
	医疗保健	0.773	0.069	0.169	0.127	0.197	0.078	0.130
	市政设施	0.785	0.183	0.165	0.188	0.202	0.053	0.104
	体育休闲	0.807	0.183	0.109	0.207	0.162	0.070	0.088
	文化娱乐	0.757	0.151	0.214	0.241	0.147	0.067	0.092
	停车设施	0.502	0.263	0.131	0.207	0.213	0.245	0.112
跨江交通可达性	地铁交通	0.485	0.014	0.135	0.030	0.108	0.120	0.555
	公共交通	-0.018	0.113	0.061	0.072	0.148	-0.059	0.734
	到主城区时间	0.499	0.173	-0.025	0.155	0.056	0.154	0.595
	到工作地时间	0.398	0.208	-0.026	0.153	-0.047	0.229	0.548
住宅质量	日照情况	0.071	0.145	0.121	0.042	0.157	0.795	0.133
	户型设计	0.063	0.228	0.126	0.123	0.148	0.811	0.036
	小区规划与设计	0.328	0.379	0.061	0.225	0.214	0.503	0.008
	住房面积	0.154	0.482	0.176	0.080	0.034	0.553	-0.032
社区品质	小区位置	0.042	0.615	0.248	0.160	0.110	0.353	0.125
	开发商品牌	0.281	0.692	0.130	0.053	0.190	0.144	0.001
	住房价格	0.089	0.766	0.170	0.011	0.115	0.131	0.135
	住房升值潜力	0.077	0.712	0.163	0.122	0.075	0.195	0.141
	物业管理	0.339	0.588	-0.045	0.215	0.284	0.028	0.109
特征值		11.387	2.447	2.110	1.709	1.402	1.095	1.055
方差（%）		35.586	7.648	6.593	5.340	4.380	3.420	3.298
方差累计（%）		35.586	43.233	49.862	55.166	59. 546	62.969	66.267

表5

图3

表6

表7

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城市	是否跨江	城市	是否跨江	城市	是否跨江	城市	是否跨江	城市	是否跨江
攀枝花	否	荆州	是	黄冈	是	池州	可能	镇江	可能
宜宾	否	石首	否	鄂州	是	铜陵	可能	扬州	是
泸州	是	岳阳	可能	黄石	是	芜湖	是	泰州	是
重庆	是	咸宁	是	九江	是	马鞍山	是	江阴	是
宜昌	是	武汉	是	安庆	否	南京	是	靖江	是
南通	是	常州	可能	无锡	可能	苏州	否	上海	是

满意度划分	非常不满意	不满意	一般	满意	非常满意
频数	5	18	221	18	5
百分比	1.0	3.8	46.2	45.2	3.8
累计百分比	1.0	4.8	51.0	96.2	100.0

居民属性		满意度得分均值	居民属性		满意度得分均值
家庭构成	单身独住	3.60	职业	学生	3.54
	单身和父母住	3.48		公司职员	3.43
	夫妻二人	3.54		公司管理者	3.24
	夫妻和父母同住	3.52		公务员	3.71
	夫妻携子女	3.43		事业单位	3.47
	三代以上同住	3.33		个体经营	3.53
	其他（合租、借宿等）	3.32		自由职业	3.47
收入水平	2000元以下	3.59		产业/服务业工人	3.50
	2000~4000元	3.46	农业劳动者		4.00
	4000~8000元	3.44	其他		3.53
	8000~12000元	3.47	年龄	小于16岁	4.17
	12000元及以上	3.37			4.17
文化程度	初中及以下	3.68			17~22岁	3.50
	高中/中专/技校	3.43	23~30岁		3.53
	大专	3.46	31~44岁		3.29
	本科	3.44	45~59岁		3.56
	研究生及以上	3.47	60岁及以上	3.57
择居时是否考虑跨江	是	3.51	性别	男	3.45
择居时是否考虑跨江	否	3.42	性别	女	3.47

		年龄	收入	职业	学历	性别	家庭构成
居住满意度	显著性	0.040	0.009	0.029	0.032	0.007	0.055
居住满意度	相关性	-0.094^*	-0.062^**	0.018^*	-0.048^*	0.875	-0.088

变量之间的因果关系	标准化参数估计值	C.R.	显著性	结果
购物环境→总体满意度	0.298	2.689	***	支持H1
自然环境→总体满意度	0.386	4.948	***	支持H2
社会环境→总体满意度	0.346	0.791	2.876	拒绝H3
基础设施→总体满意度	0.280	3.660	***	支持H4
交通可达性→总体满意度	0.303	3.645	***	支持H5
住房质量→总体满意度	0.560	3.637	***	支持H6
社区品质→总体满意度	0.155	2.625	***	支持H7