地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 233-249.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201802001

• 观点与争鸣 •    下一篇

城镇化与旅游发展背景下的乡村文化研究：学术争鸣与研究方向

黄震方1(), 黄睿1,2()   

  1. 1. 南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京 210023
    2. 南京旅游职业学院旅游管理学院,南京 211100
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-11 修回日期:2017-12-20 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-02-06
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：黄震方（1963- ）,男,江苏扬中人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事旅游地理与旅游规划研究。E-mail: zhfh@263.net

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41671137）;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（164320H116）

Research progress on rural culture in the context of rapid urbanization and tourism development: Academic debate and future research prospects

Zhenfang HUANG1(), Rui HUANG1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
    2. Nanjing Institute of Tourism & Hospitality, Nanjing 211100, China;
  • Received:2017-11-11 Revised:2017-12-20 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-02-06
  • About author:

    Author: Shi Zhenqin (1988-), PhD, specialized in regional development and land space management in mountain areas. E-mail: kevinszq@163.com

    *Corresponding author: Deng Wei (1957-), Professor, specialized in mountain environment and regional development.

    E-mail: dengwei@imde.ac.cn

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摘要：

快速城镇化和旅游发展背景下的乡村文化衰落现象,已经成为制约国家新型城镇化战略和乡村旅游发展的重大紧迫问题。以乡村文化保护为主线,通过综述乡村文化的研究进展,围绕城镇化和旅游发展对乡村文化是“繁荣”还是“衰落”、是“原真”保护还是“创新”利用、是景观“美化”还是文化“重构”等学术争论的焦点问题,提出了乡村文化保护利用和恢复重构的研究思路、研究方向及主要科学问题。强调应运用区域性、综合性的地理思维和人地关系的视角,综合集成多学科理论和多种研究方法与现代技术,聚焦引领性科学问题,关注城镇化对乡村文化胁迫效应测度及其影响过程与机制分析,重视乡村文化的科学保护、旅游活化利用、旅游村镇化与村镇旅游化、特色田园乡村建设和乡村多元价值提升,运用社区恢复力理论构建乡村文化恢复模型,依据文化基因、乡愁记忆等理论和建构主义方法确定乡村文化重构内涵,构建符合中国乡村特点的文化重构模式,从而为乡村振兴、乡村文化保护和乡村旅游持续发展提供理论支撑和实践依据,为国内学者进行乡村文化和乡村旅游研究提供借鉴和启示。

关键词: 城镇化, 乡村文化, 乡村旅游, 保护利用, 恢复重构

Abstract:

The decline of rural culture in the context of rapid urbanization and tourism development has become an important and urgent problem that constraints both the government's strategy for new urbanization and the development of rural tourism. Guided by the protection of rural culture and the review of the research progress of rural cultural developments, the research ideas, research trends and main scientific issues of the protection, utilization and restoration of rural culture are put forward in this paper, which focuses on key academic debates such as whether the impacts of urbanization and tourism development on rural culture are matters of "boom" or "decline", "originality" protection or "creative" utilization, landscaping or cultural reconstruction. Then, from the perspectives of both the regional and comprehensive geographical thinking and human-nature relationships, this study integrates multi-discipline theories, different methodologies and modern technologies, focuses on the leading scientific issues, and pays close attention to the measurement of the threatening effects of urbanization upon rural culture, as well as its influencing process and mechanism analysis. It also highlights the scientific protection of rural culture, activation utilization of tourism, tourism rural localization and rural tourism orientation, pastoral countryside construction and rural multi-value elevation. Adopting the theory of community resilience, it proposes the model for rural cultural recovery and reconstruction. Thereby, based on the constructivist approach and other theories (e.g., cultural gene, nostalgia memory, etc.), the contents of rural culture have been re-constructed and the cultural reconstruction model featuring Chinese countryside has also been discussed. To conclude, this study presents theoretical support and practical implications for rural revitalization, rural culture preservation and rural tourism sustainable development, as well as provides references and enlightenment for domestic scholars to further study rural culture and rural tourism.

Key words: urbanization, rural culture, rural tourism, preservation and utilization, recovery and reconstruction