基于生态足迹的西安城市生态游憩空间优化研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj201802004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市生态游憩空间是进行城市生态游憩活动的重要基础,生态游憩空间的合理配置是生态休闲城市建设的重要内容。基于生态足迹理论模型,构建生态压力指数标准,并结合空间叠加分析法分析了西安市市区生态游憩空间的分布现状以及生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈亏和生态压力情况。结果表明：西安市市区的人均生态赤字达到了1.4136 hm²/人,生态压力指数为13.2,生态环境状况极不安全;并且区域内生态游憩空间布局和当地的生态环境状况相矛盾。针对西安市生态游憩空间目前存在的问题,对生态游憩空间布局进行优化调整,构建西安市生态游憩廊道系统,对西安市未来城市生态文明建设、城市优质生活环境的塑造和生态安全格局的构建具有重要意义。

关键词: 生态足迹, 生态压力, 城市生态游憩空间, 空间叠加, 西安

Abstract:

Urban ecological recreation area serves as an important foundation for urban ecological recreation activities. The rational allocation of ecological recreation area is of great significance to build eco-leisure cities. Based on the ecological footprint theory model, combined with the spatial overplay analysis method, this paper constructs the ecological pressure index standard, and analyzes the spatial distribution, the ecological footprint, the ecological carrying capacity, the ecological profit and loss, as well as the ecological pressure of ecological recreation areas in the urban area of Xi'an city. The results show that the ecological environment in urban area of Xi'an is extremely unsafe, with the ecological deficit per capita reaching 1.4136 hm²/person and the ecological pressure index 13.2. The spatial layout of ecological recreation area in the region has conflict with the local ecological environment. To avoid the existing problems, it is of great importance to adjust and optimize the spatial layout of ecological recreation area, and develop the ecological recreation corridor system of Xi'an, in an aim to enhance the urban ecological civilization, and better shape the high-quality urban living environment and the ecological security pattern in the city.

Key words: ecological footprint, ecological pressure, urban ecological recreation area, spatial overlay, Xi'an

杨晓俊, 方传珊, 侯叶子. 基于生态足迹的西安城市生态游憩空间优化研究[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(2): 281-291.

Xiaojun YANG, Chuanshan FANG, Yezi HOU. Optimization of ecological recreation area in Xi'an city based on ecological footprint[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(2): 281-291.

图/表 10

图1

图2

表1

表2

生态压力指数等级划分标准"

压力级别	数值	压力程度
1	（0,2）	很安全
2	[2,5)	较安全
3	[5,8)	稍不安全
4	[8,11)	较不安全
5	$≥$ 11	很不安全

表2

表3

图3

图4

表4

表5

图5

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区域	未央区	雁塔区	碑林区	灞桥区	新城区
数量	48	28	12	53	9
区域	阎良区	临潼区	长安区	莲湖区	高陵区
数量	8	36	43	11	4

用地类型	全球平均产量 P_i（kg/hm²）	人均资源消费量C_i（kg/人）	人均占有的生物生产面积A_i	人均生物生产面积A_j（hm²/人）	均衡因子 r_j	产量因子 y_j
林地	10.89	0.61	0.05605	0.00085	1.1	0.91
草地	1359	52	0.11237	0.00084	0.5	0.19
水域	29	4.9	0.16896	0.00058	0.2	1
建筑用地	1071	88.24	0.4145	0.00689	2.8	2.16
耕地	41090	246.2	0.05313	0.01209	2.8	2.16
化石能源用地	241	4.42	0.06221	0	1.1	0

土地类型	人均生态足迹	人均生态承载力	生态盈亏	生态压力指数	表征状态
林地	0.06166	0.00085	-0.06080	72.20751	很不安全
草地	0.05619	0.00008	-0.05610	702.31250	很不安全
水域	0.03379	0.00011	-0.03368	292.82010	很不安全
建设用地	1.16060	0.04164	-1.11896	27.87148	很不安全
耕地	0.14876	0.07313	-0.07563	2.03415	较安全
化石能源用地	0.06843	-	-0.06843	-	-

地区	人均生态足迹	人均生态承载力	生态盈亏	生态压力指数	表征状态
新城区	0.14132	0.00642	-0.1349	22.01246	很不安全
碑林区	0.14467	0.00668	-0.13799	21.65718	很不安全
莲湖区	0.16227	0.00637	-0.1559	25.47410	很不安全
灞桥区	0.13262	0.01644	-0.11618	8.06691	较不安全
雁塔区	0.27644	0.01548	-0.26096	17.85788	很不安全
未央区	0.24421	0.01742	-0.22679	14.01894	很不安全
长安区	0.21813	0.01869	-0.19944	11.67095	很不安全
临潼区	0.08422	0.01224	-0.07198	6.88072	稍不安全
高陵区	0.07433	0.00866	-0.06567	8.58314	较不安全
阎良区	0.05122	0.00743	-0.04379	6.89367	稍不安全
合计	1.52943	0.11582	-1.4136	13.20409	很不安全