居住空间视角下多民族聚居城市民族融合格局演变及影响因素分析——以呼和浩特为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201802008

地理研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 333-352.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201802008

居住空间视角下多民族聚居城市民族融合格局演变及影响因素分析——以呼和浩特为例

张薇^1,²(), 杨永春^1,³(), 史坤博¹, 李建新¹

1. 兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州 730000
2. 内蒙古师范大学旅游学院,呼和浩特 010022
3. 兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州 730000

收稿日期:2017-08-11 修回日期:2017-11-13 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-02-20
作者简介:
作者简介：张薇（1983- ）,女,浙江宁波人,博士研究生,讲师,研究方向为城市与区域规划。E-mail: zhangwei380@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41571155）;国家旅游局2015年度“万名旅游英才计划”项目（WMYC20151047）;内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目（NJSY047）

The evolution of ethnic integration patterns and their influencing factors in multi-ethnic cities from the perspective of residential space: A case study from Hohhot

Wei ZHANG^1,²(), Yongchun YANG^1,³(), Kunbo SHI¹, Jianxin LI¹

1.College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. College of Tourism, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
3. Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2017-08-11 Revised:2017-11-13 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-02-20
About author:
Author: Shi Zhenqin (1988-), PhD, specialized in regional development and land space management in mountain areas. E-mail: kevinszq@163.com

^*Corresponding author: Deng Wei (1957-), Professor, specialized in mountain environment and regional development.

E-mail: dengwei@imde.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

居住融合是社会群体混合分布程度的表现,对认识城市内部民族融合结构和互动关系具有重要的意义。以典型多民族聚居城市呼和浩特市为例,基于2000-2015年人口统计数据,采用融合指数法和反距离加权插值法,分析居住融合在城市、市辖区和街区三个尺度的演变过程,并运用双变量相关分析和多元线性回归模型,从城市居民的个体属性方面考察对居住融合的影响作用。分析结果表明,呼和浩特城市内部少数民族同汉族之间的混居程度持续加深,居住空间视角下的民族融合程度逐渐强化;居住融合程度最高的区域集中在汉族长期居住的玉泉区,随着时间推移,融合程度最高区域快速向整个市区扩散,居住融合空间向均匀化方向发展;城市中心区域存在三个点状分布的教育型和生活型民族聚居街区,但两类街区融合指数在考察期内上升趋势显著;个体属性中的年龄、性别、婚姻、教育、家庭、户籍、职业等要素对呼和浩特城市内部民族间居住融合具有显著影响。

关键词: 多民族聚居城市, 居住空间, 民族融合, 影响因素, 呼和浩特

Abstract:

Residential integration is the spatial embodiment of the ethnic integration of the city. The study of residential integration is beneficial to quantitative and systematic analysis of the degree of urban internal integration. It is of great significance to get a better understanding of the structure and interactive relationships of ethnic integration. Using the typical multi-ethnic city of Hohhot as an example, based on demographic data from 2000 to 2015, this study uses the integration index and inverse distance weighted interpolation method to explore the process of residential integration in Hohhot. Three dimensions of integration were used: city, municipal districts, and blocks. Using double variable correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models, this paper examines the influence of urban residents' individual attributes on residential integration. The results show that: (1) Hohhot, as a representative, typical, multi-ethnic city in China, shows a high degree of residential integration. (2) There was a rising trend of fluctuations in the degree of residential integration in Saihan and Xincheng districts, and a smaller increase in the level of residential integration in Huimin District; the regional residential integration is highly focused on Yuquan district, which has been largely inhabited by Han Chinese for many decades. Over time, the areas with high residential integration have spread quickly to the whole city, and living space has become increasingly homogenized. There are three ethnic residential blocks in the city's central area, but their integration index has increased significantly. (3) The dynamic mechanism of residential integration includes five aspects: cultural motivation, historical continuity, policy dynamics, urbanization influence, and individual factors. Cultural motivation and historical continuity are the basis of residential integration. Policy dynamics, urbanization influence, and individual factors are the direct driving forces. (4) Residential integration is closely related to individual attributes such as age, gender, marriage, education, family, and occupation.

Key words: multi-ethnic residential city, residential pattern, ethnic integration, influencing factors, Hohhot

张薇, 杨永春, 史坤博, 李建新. 居住空间视角下多民族聚居城市民族融合格局演变及影响因素分析——以呼和浩特为例[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(2): 333-352.

Wei ZHANG, Yongchun YANG, Kunbo SHI, Jianxin LI. The evolution of ethnic integration patterns and their influencing factors in multi-ethnic cities from the perspective of residential space: A case study from Hohhot[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(2): 333-352.

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维度	指标	2000年		2010年
维度	指标	Pearson相关性	双侧显著性	Pearson相关性	双侧显著性
X₁人口维度	X₁₁女性比例	-0.400^*	0.016	-0.397^*	0.015
	X₁₂未婚人口比例	-0.539^**	0.001	-0.446^**	0.006
	X₁₃ 60岁及以上人口比例	-0.702^***	0.000	-0.526^**	0.001
	X₁₄ 30~59岁人口比例	0.613^***	0.000	0.694^***	0.000
	X₁₅受高等教育人口比例	0.331^**	0.000	0.449^**	0.005
X₂家庭维度	X₂₁ 一人户比例	-0.191	0.264	-0.017	0.920
	X₂₂二人户及以上比例	0.060	0.728	0.278	0.096
	X₂₃三人户比例	0.244	0.152	0.246	0.096
	X₂₄四人户比例	-0.166	0.333	-0.324	0.051
	X₂₅五人户及以上比例	0.116	0.502	-0.122	0.472
	X₂₆一代户比例	0.083	0.630	0.071	0.674
	X₂₇二代户比例	0.254	0.134	0.145	0.392
	X₂₈三代户及以上比例	-0.716^***	0.000	-0.578^***	0.000
	X₂₉ 民族混合户比例	0.453^**	0.006	0.498^**	0.002
X₃制度维度	X₃₁ 非农业户口比例	0.395^*	0.017	0.465^*	0.004
X₃制度维度	X₃₂流动人口占常住人口比例	-0.484^**	0.003	-0.443^**	0.006
X₄职业维度	X₄₁ 单位负责人及专业人员比例	0.345^*	0.039	0.332^*	0.045
X₄职业维度	X₄₂ 服务及生产人员比例	-0.340^*	0.042	-0.331^*	0.046
X₅住房维度	X₅₁ 近10年新建住房比例	0.188	0.272	0.321	0.052

变量	非标准化系数		标准系数	t	Sig	共线性统计量
变量	B	标准误差	Beta	t	Sig	容差	VIF
(常量)	1.786	0.115		15.517	0.000
X₂₈：三代户及以上比例	-3.347	0.954	-0.387	-3.509	0.001	0.673	1.487
X₁₃：60岁及以上人口比例	-3.388	0.836	-0.430	-4.052	0.000	0.727	1.376
X₁₂：未婚人口比例	-1.080	0.354	-0.296	-3.051	0.005	0.867	1.154
统计检验
R²	0.739
调整R²	0.714
F	30.128
Sig	0.000

变量	非标准化系数		标准系数	t	Sig	共线性统计量
变量	B	标准误差	Beta	t	Sig	容差	VIF
(常量)	0.575	0.293		1.965	0.058
X₁₄：30~59岁人口比例：	1.514	0.441	0.450	3.434	0.002	0.685	1.459
X₂₈：三代户及以上比例	-3.523	1.348	-0.326	-2.613	0.013	0.755	1.324
X₁₂：未婚人口比例	-0.689	0.330	-0.241	-2.087	0.045	0.884	1.131
统计检验
R²	0.611
调整R²	0.576
F	17.293
Sig	0.000

居住空间视角下多民族聚居城市民族融合格局演变及影响因素分析——以呼和浩特为例

The evolution of ethnic integration patterns and their influencing factors in multi-ethnic cities from the perspective of residential space: A case study from Hohhot

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