基于生态适宜性评价的西南丘陵区土地整治工程布局研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj201804002

地理研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 659-677.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201804002

基于生态适宜性评价的西南丘陵区土地整治工程布局研究

谭少军¹(), 邵景安^1,²()

1. 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆 400047
2. 三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400047

收稿日期:2017-10-13 修回日期:2018-01-03 出版日期:2018-04-20 发布日期:2018-05-28
作者简介:
作者简介：谭少军（1990- ）,男,四川巴中人,硕士,主要从事土地资源可持续利用研究。E-mail：tsj2015@126.com
基金资助:
重庆市国土资源和房屋管理局科技计划项目（CQGT-KJ-2014034,KJ-2016003）

Land consolidation project layout based on ecological suitability evaluation in hilly areas of Southwest China

Shaojun TAN¹(), Jing'an SHAO^1,²()

1. Shcool of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
2. Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 400047, China

Received:2017-10-13 Revised:2018-01-03 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-05-28
About author:
Author: Shi Zhenqin (1988-), PhD, specialized in regional development and land space management in mountain areas. E-mail: kevinszq@163.com

^*Corresponding author: Deng Wei (1957-), Professor, specialized in mountain environment and regional development.

E-mail: dengwei@imde.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

如何科学合理地识别土地整治工程的生态适宜性,是评判当前土地整治工程是否实现“有利生产,方便生活,兼顾生态”目标的重要依据,更是土地整治理论与规划亟待解决的重要命题。选取川东平行岭谷区的垫江县为研究区,立足146个土地整治项目,借助生态位思想进行土地整治工程生态适宜性评价,计算土地生态整治工程布局潜力指数,对土地整治工程生态化布局进行定向。结果表明：① 土地整治工程生态适宜性指标影响显示出显著异质性,其中耕地连片度、坡度、灌溉保证率是开展土地整治工程生态适宜性评价的首选因素。② 土地整治项目中单项工程的生态适宜性水平差异较大,其中土地平整和灌排系统的生态适宜性低于临界水平,田间道路和生态景观工程的生态适宜性高于临界水平。③ 土地整治项目整体工程的生态适宜性程度差异显著,各项目土地整治工程生态适宜性均值为0.72,处于生态适性的临界水平。适宜等涉及土地整治面积7434 hm²,占9%。临界适宜等涉及土地整治面积54530 hm²,占67%。不适宜等涉及土地整治面积18845 hm²,占24%。④ 研究区土地整治工程生态适宜性布局整体呈多样化格局,Ⅰ等潜力区主要位于研究区中西部,布局方向为发展多功能农业,应注意如何保证其经济价值实现的同时不损害其生态价值。Ⅱ等潜力区分布范围较广,布局方向为发展大宗粮油产业,应思考在保证其粮食生产的同时尽量避免对农田生态系统的破坏。Ⅲ等潜力区主要位于鹤大台地区,布局方向为发展生态立体农业,应强调如何在保证生态环境不受破坏的前提下发展具有山区特色的生态农业。

关键词: 土地整治工程, 生态适宜性, 评价, 布局方向, 西南丘陵区

Abstract:

How to reasonably identify the ecological suitability of land consolidation project (LCP) is the important recordings of current land consolidation project to evaluate whether to realize the following goals: "favorable production, convenient life, and improved ecology", and also is the important proposition of theory and planning of land consolidation to be solved. Dianjiang County located in parallel ridge valley of east Sichuan is selected as the study area in this paper. Based on the 146 LCPs, this paper used the idea of niche to evaluate the ecological suitability of LCP, to calculate ecological potential index of LCP, and to finally decide the direction of ecological layout of LCP. The results showed that these indexes influencing the ecological suitability of LCP has significant variance, and among them, cultivated land contiguous degree, slope, irrigation guarantee rate are the primary factors for the ecological suitability evaluation of LCP. The ecological suitability levels of single project in LCP presented significant differences. Among them, the ecological suitability levels of land leveling and irrigation and drainage's system were below the critical level, while the ecological suitability levels of field road and ecological landscape were above the critical level. The ecological suitability levels of the whole LCPs were obviously different. On the whole, the average value of the ecological suitability of land consolidation was 0.72, and this value was observed in the critical level of ecological suitability. The suitable, critical suitable and unsuitable grades were related to land consolidation areas of 7434 hm², 54530 hm², and 18845 hm², accounting for 9%, 67%, and 24%, respectively. The ecological suitability layout of LCP in the study area was overall in a diversified pattern. The suitability area of the first grade was mainly located in the central and western parts of the study area, and the layout direction of LCP was to serve the development of multi-functional agriculture. In this region, we should pay attention to how to ensure its economic value without damaging its ecological value. The suitability area of the second grade was widely distributed, and the layout direction of LCP was a help to the development of grain and oil industry. In this region, we should try to avoid destroying the farmland ecosystem while ensuring the grain production. And the suitability area of the third grade was mainly located in Heda platform area, and the layout direction of LCP was for the service to the development of three-dimensional ecological agriculture. In this region, we should place emphasis on how to ensure that the ecological environment was not destroyed to develop ecological agriculture with mountain features.

Key words: land consolidation project, ecological suitability, evaluation, arrangement direction, hilly areas of Southwest China

谭少军, 邵景安. 基于生态适宜性评价的西南丘陵区土地整治工程布局研究[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(4): 659-677.

Shaojun TAN, Jing'an SHAO. Land consolidation project layout based on ecological suitability evaluation in hilly areas of Southwest China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(4): 659-677.

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工程类型	评价因子	原始数据	处理方法	指标性质
土地平整(A)	C1:梯田化率(%)	30 mDEM、土地利用变更数据	坡度提取—栅格转矢量—叠加分析	+
	C2:破碎度(个/hm²)	土地利用变更数据	景观破碎度计算	-
	C3:分维数	土地利用变更数据	景观分维数计算	-
	C4:坡度(°)	土地利用变更数据、农用地质量分等数据	叠加分析	-
	C5:连片度(hm²)	土地利用变更数据	缓冲分析—数据融合	+
	C6:有效土层厚度(cm)	土地利用变更数据、农用地质量分等数据	叠加分析	+
田间道路(B)	C7道路通达度(m)	道路数据、土地利用变更数据	Near（近邻）分析—SQL字段筛选	+
田间道路(B)	C8道路硬化率(%)	道路数据	SQL字段筛选	适宜
灌溉与排水(C)	C9灌排保证率(%)	沟渠数据、土地利用变更数据	Near（近邻）分析	+
灌溉与排水(C)	C10沟渠连通度(%)	沟渠数据、土地利用变更数据	叠加分析—统计分析	+
生态景观(D)	C11香农多样性指数	土地利用变更数据	香农景观多样性指数计算	适宜
生态景观(D)	C12林地覆盖率(%)	土地利用变更数据	SQL字段筛选—统计分析	+

指标	划分标准			指标	划分标准
指标	不适宜	临界适宜	适宜	指标	不适宜	临界适宜	适宜
梯田化率	<50	50~70	>70	道路通达度	>500	100-500	<100
破碎度	>2.38	0.09~2.38	<0.09	道路硬化率	40~50	50~59或71~80	60~70
分维数	>1.44	1.23~1.44	<1.23	灌排保证率	<55	55~70	>70
坡度	15~25	6~15	2~6	沟渠连通度	<20	20~30	>30
连片度	<6.67	6.67~20.01	>20.01	多样性指数	1.07~1.17或1.58~1.71	1.17~1.25或1.46~1.58	1.25~1.46
有效土层厚度	<30	30~50	>50	林地覆盖率	<8	8~25	>25

适宜等级	生态适宜值	比例(%)	分布地区
适宜	0.75~0.98	9	中部高滩河流域与西部平坝地区
临界适宜	0.60~0.75	67	北部丘陵、高滩河大沙河流域及鹤大台地
不适宜	0~0.60	24	北部槽谷地区、鹤大台地及黄草山附近

等级	潜力指数	有利条件	障碍性因素	整治重点内容
Ⅰ等	[0.42,0.50]	地形、水源、交通条件好	-	减少人为干扰
Ⅱ等	(0.50,1.05]	水源条件优越	交通区位较差	防止田块被过分切割
Ⅲ等	(1.05,1.53]	立体气候	生态环境脆弱	保护农田生态系统

基于生态适宜性评价的西南丘陵区土地整治工程布局研究

Land consolidation project layout based on ecological suitability evaluation in hilly areas of Southwest China

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