生态建设15年黄土高原生态足迹时空变化

doi:10.11821/dlyj201804010

地理研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 761-771.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201804010

生态建设15年黄土高原生态足迹时空变化

党小虎¹(), 吴彦斌², 刘国彬³, 杨勤科⁴, 余小涛¹, 贾银丽²

1. 西安科技大学地质与环境学院,西安 710054
2. 西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院,西安 710054
3. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌 712100
4. 西北大学城市与环境学院,西安 710127

收稿日期:2017-10-09 修回日期:2018-01-23 出版日期:2018-04-20 发布日期:2018-04-20
作者简介:
作者简介：刘德新（1989- ）,男,河南柘城人,博士研究生,主要从事土壤与沉积物环境变化研究。E-mail: liudexin269@163.com
基金资助:
十三五国家重点研发计划课题（2016YFC0501707）;国家自然科学基金项目（41271518）

Spatial-temporal changes of ecological footprint in the Loess Plateau after ecological construction between 1995 and 2010

Xiaohu DANG¹(), Yanbin WU², Guobin LIU³, Qinke YANG³, Xiaotao YU¹, Yinli JIA²

1. College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
2. College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
4. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China

Received:2017-10-09 Revised:2018-01-23 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-04-20
About author:
Author: Shi Zhenqin (1988-), PhD, specialized in regional development and land space management in mountain areas. E-mail: kevinszq@163.com

^*Corresponding author: Deng Wei (1957-), Professor, specialized in mountain environment and regional development.

E-mail: dengwei@imde.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为典型生态脆弱区和重点土壤保持功能区,黄土高原自20世纪80年代以来进行了一系列重大生态工程建设,力图改善脆弱的生态环境。这些重点工程在短期内是否从根本上改善了其生态安全状况是亟待理解的一个科学问题。基于生态足迹思想与方法,定量分析了1995年、2000年和2010年三个阶段15年间黄土高原生态足迹和承载力的时空变化。结果表明：① 1995-2010年15年间黄土高原承载力小于生态足迹,总体上处于生态赤字状态。② 黄土高原人均承载力呈现明显的空间异质性,1995-2010年高值区在中北部,其他区域为低值区,由东向西递减;人均生态足迹自东南向西北递增。③ 生态压力指数从1995年的1.059上升到2000年1.165,增幅较小,2010年上升为2.181,高原整体上处于生态赤字状态。

关键词: 生态安全, 生态足迹, 空间异质性, 黄土高原

Abstract:

The Loess Plateau is a key ecological fragile area in China, so Chinese central government has taken a series of measures such as small watershed management, key projects for soil and water conservation, and Grain for Green Program to address the eco-environmental issues of the Loess Plateau since the 1980s. Whether these ecological projects have totally taken effect on the ecological security in the Loess Plateau is an urgent need to understand. Based on the ideology and methodology of ecological footprint, this work quantitatively analyzed the spatial-and temporal changes in the appropriation of the bio-productive areas/carrying capacity and ecological security in the study area over the 15-year period from 1995 to 2010. The results demonstrated the following: (1) the carrying capacity was lower than the ecological footprint (the appropriation of the bio-productive areas), with an ecological deficit for the 15 years; (2) the carrying capacity per capita substantially presented a spatial heterogeneity, with a high value in the northern and central parts and low value in the rest parts of the plateau, and decreased from the east to the west over the period from 1995 to 2010. However, the ecological footprint increased from the southeast to the northwest of the Loess Plateau during the same period; and (3) the indices of ecological stress increased from 1.059 in 1995 to 1.165 in 2000 and 2.181 in 2010, which suggested the growing ecological stress in this region. The spatial pattern of ecological security was consistent with spatial distribution of the ecological footprint. The results of this work demonstrated that, although ecological security has partially improved, the issues for ecological security have been still pressing in the Loess Plateau as a whole.

Key words: ecological security, ecological footprint, spatial heterogeneity, Loess Plateau

党小虎, 吴彦斌, 刘国彬, 杨勤科, 余小涛, 贾银丽. 生态建设15年黄土高原生态足迹时空变化[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(4): 761-771.

Xiaohu DANG, Yanbin WU, Guobin LIU, Qinke YANG, Xiaotao YU, Yinli JIA. Spatial-temporal changes of ecological footprint in the Loess Plateau after ecological construction between 1995 and 2010[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(4): 761-771.

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省份	1995			2000			2010
省份	承载力(10⁶ghm²)	生态足迹(10⁶ghm²)	生态压力指数	承载力 (10⁶ghm²)	生态足迹(10⁶ghm²)	生态压力指数	承载力 (10⁶ghm²)	生态足迹(10⁶ghm²)	生态压力指数
内蒙	10.684	10.758	0.993	9.111	11.884	1.304	10.792	32.241	2.987
宁夏	8.982	7.664	0.853	8.926	10.272	1.151	8.137	24.797	3.047
山西	29.891	23.087	0.773	32.111	31.622	0.985	32.996	52.720	1.598
河南	6.428	8.748	1.361	5.356	11.007	2.055	5.227	16.456	3.148
甘肃	21.708	17.918	0.825	21.858	21.490	0.983	21.841	34.856	1.596
陕西	25.061	39.294	1.497	25.796	29.270	1.135	21.709	59.250	2.729
青海	3.530	5.252	1.486	3.083	5.136	1.666	4.417	9.360	2.119
黄土高原	106.358	112.647	1.059	106.239	120.682	1.165	105.120	229.679	2.181

省份	1995				2000				2010
省份	耕地	林地	草地	建筑用地	耕地	林地	草地	建筑用地	耕地	林地	草地	建筑用地
内蒙古	75.26	3.65	5.94	14.68	74.41	4.31	6.11	14.56	73.6	9.14	5.18	11.92
宁夏	89.4	2.8	2.59	5.02	89.98	2.53	2.36	4.94	85.07	4.74	0.92	8.87
山西	82.64	12.22	1.05	3.98	80.68	12.41	1.23	5.59	77.87	12.21	1.32	8.56
河南	81.84	10.21	0.29	7.51	80.3	9.78	0.52	9.23	76.17	12.99	0.29	10.25
甘肃	88.9	4.67	2.41	3.96	88.59	4.52	2.39	4.44	89.31	6.53	0.87	3.26
陕西	87.02	7.02	1.61	4.25	86.81	7.06	1.53	4.49	77.33	13.92	1.73	6.97
青海	68.3	19.95	5.06	6.46	68.16	19.87	5.17	6.59	72.97	17.57	3.44	5.91
黄土高原	82.93	7.06	5.19	4.41	83.51	8.12	2.14	6.07	80.07	10.67	1.71	7.46

生态建设15年黄土高原生态足迹时空变化

Spatial-temporal changes of ecological footprint in the Loess Plateau after ecological construction between 1995 and 2010

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