乡村文化记忆空间的类型、格局及影响因素——以苏州金庭镇为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201806007

地理研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1142-1158.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201806007

乡村文化记忆空间的类型、格局及影响因素——以苏州金庭镇为例

吕龙¹(), 黄震方¹(), 陈晓艳^1,²

1. 南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 210023
2. 常州工学院经济与管理学院,常州 213032

收稿日期:2017-12-21 修回日期:2018-03-12 出版日期:2018-06-10 发布日期:2018-06-10
作者简介:
作者简介：吕龙（1981- ）,男,江苏常熟人,博士研究生,城市规划师,主要从事旅游地理与旅游规划研究。E-mail: lvlong1981@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41671137）;国家旅游局2015年度“万名旅游英才计划”（WMYC20151051）

Type classification, pattern characteristics and influencing factors of rural cultural memory space: A case study of Jinting town in Suzhou

Long LV¹(), Zhenfang HUANG¹(), Xiaoyan CHEN^1,²

1. School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Economics and Management, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, Jiangsu, China

Received:2017-12-21 Revised:2018-03-12 Online:2018-06-10 Published:2018-06-10
About author:
Author: Shi Zhenqin (1988-), PhD, specialized in regional development and land space management in mountain areas. E-mail: kevinszq@163.com

^*Corresponding author: Deng Wei (1957-), Professor, specialized in mountain environment and regional development.

E-mail: dengwei@imde.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村文化记忆及其空间载体的研究对于乡村文化的展示、恢复与重构具有重要意义。基于文化记忆理论框架,界定乡村文化记忆及其映射空间的概念和空间类型划分,以苏州市金庭镇（原西山镇）为例,结合地方志文献和GIS空间分析法进行乡村文化记忆空间的时空格局特征以及影响因素研究。结果表明：① 乡村文化记忆空间类型可依据文化记忆的形式和记忆场的构成,划分为生活生产类、功能象征类、社会表征类、精神意识类等类型。② 在时间格局方面,生活生产类空间一直保持相对平稳的增长态势,在明清时期达到高峰,其累计留存程度较好;功能象征类空间和社会表征类空间则呈现“倒U型”的变化趋势;精神仪式类空间基本由始至终融会贯通保持了平稳的发展态势。③ 在空间格局方面,乡村文化记忆空间自明清时期开始呈现聚集分布的特征,主导分布方向呈西南—东北向且由南向北逐步拓展,分布密度呈现由南向北的变化趋势,密度核心区域多以生活生产类空间为主。④ 影响因素研究发现,人地关系的变化是前提条件,民间信仰、民俗文风的兴盛是重要条件,官方支持、氏族及名人名仕的传承是保障条件,这些都影响着乡村文化记忆空间的格局变化。

关键词: 乡村文化记忆, 空间类型, 时空格局, 影响因素, 金庭镇

Abstract:

The studies on culture of rural areas have been the focus of tourism geography. Especially, the study of rural cultural memory and its space is the logic origin of rural cultural studies, which is of great significance to the exhibition, recovery and reconstruction of rural culture. Based on cultural memory theory, we define the concepts of rural cultural memory, discuss the spatial type classification and rural cultural memory space. Moreover, we apply the proposed classification system to discuss the rural memory space of Jinting town (the original name: Xishan town) in Suzhou based on the combination of local chorography and GIS spatial analysis method. The results showed that: (1) Based on the cultural memory form and the memory field, the types of cultural memory space are divided into life and production type, functional symbol type, social representation type and spiritual consciousness type. (2) The characteristics of the time pattern are as follows: the space of life and production type has remained relatively stable growth from the beginning, with a peak in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Afterwards, its cumulative level has retained better and developed smoothly. The spaces of functional symbol type and social representation type shows a changing trend of an inverted U-shape pattern, and has been greatly reduced since the Republican Period. The space of spiritual consciousness type has developed smoothly from the beginning to the end. (3) In terms of spatial pattern, the rural cultural memory spaces have presented the characteristics of the aggregation distribution. The dominant distribution showed a southwest-northeast trend, and gradually expanded from south to north. The distribution density demonstrated the cluster distribution characteristics, and presented the change trend from south to north. In particular, the core regions of space density were given priority to the space of life and production type. (4) The key influencing factors included: the change of human-environment interactions is the precondition for the evolution of rural cultural memory; the flourishment of folk belief and folk style is the important condition for the evolution of rural cultural memory; the inheritance of official support, clan and celebrity are the support condition for the evolution of rural cultural memory.

Key words: rural cultural memory, space type, pattern characteristics, influencing factor, Jinting town

吕龙, 黄震方, 陈晓艳. 乡村文化记忆空间的类型、格局及影响因素——以苏州金庭镇为例[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(6): 1142-1158.

Long LV, Zhenfang HUANG, Xiaoyan CHEN. Type classification, pattern characteristics and influencing factors of rural cultural memory space: A case study of Jinting town in Suzhou[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(6): 1142-1158.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

表1

苏州金庭镇的文化记忆一览表"

文化记忆形成过程的标志事件		反映文化特质说明	文化记忆场类型	映射空间类型
记忆初创	记忆共享	反映文化特质说明	文化记忆场类型	映射空间类型
夏初：禹治水过西山,在今禹期山一带召集各部落首领	南北朝、清朝、新中国对禹王庙的重修	表达洞庭西山山水风貌和特色物产,通过特定的物体、空间或文本进行传承	HM1	MS2
周：吴王夫差建消夏别宫,越大夫诸稽郢到消夏湾隐居	体现吴越文化的典型性,历朝历代令人神往的春秋古迹		HM2\SM4	MS3/MS4
宋：初建甪头寨负责太湖及岛内的防御、治安	明：设大胜、石公、元山、甪头、龟山、庙山六寨防倭		HM1	MS2
清：石公山建节烈祠	1984年石公山作为景点正式开放		HM1	MS2
清：康熙赐名“碧螺春”	西山特色产品的身份象征,1954年梅园包山坞“分前”碧螺春由周恩来总理携去参加日内瓦会议,1990年洞庭碧螺春获全国名茶称号		SM3	MS4
清：洞庭西山旅湘同乡会在汉口创办金庭公店	民国时期在上海南市陆家浜召开洞庭西山金庭会馆成立大会,洞庭西山旅苏同乡会成立	表达洞庭西山的民俗文风、商贸活动等发展情况	SM4	MS3
清：慈里人王维德撰成《林屋民风》,民国：李根源撰成《吴郡西山仿古记》等不同朝代形成的文学文本、神话传说、节日仪式等	通过文本媒介进行传承	表达洞庭西山的民俗文风、商贸活动等发展情况	HM3/ SM1/ SM2/ SM3	MS1/ MS2/ MS3/ MS4
汉：商山四皓隐居	西山名人隐居伊始,甪里、东村等村落的发迹史	表达与洞庭西山起源和发展密不可分的名人名仕隐居	SM4	MS1/ MS4
隋：郑氏迁至甪里	古时西山郑氏家族发迹和延续		HM2	MS1
宋：一批贵族及后裔陆续到西山隐居形成八大宗族,李弥大西山林屋洞前隐居,蔡氏迁居西山消夏湾建西蔡、东蔡两村	古时西山主要宗族的发迹以及主要村落的陆续建成		HM2	MS1/ MS3
元：武德将军蒋腾芳归隐西山后埠故里建“乌府”宅第及巷门、双井亭	1997年后埠井亭等4处公布为第二批县级文保单位		HM2	MS1/ MS3
清：植里建永丰桥、筑南北石板路、东村建敬修堂,西蔡建爱日堂,明月湾铺石板棋盘街筑码头,东蔡建春熙堂,后堡窑上重建城隍庙	1995年后堡村利用双观音堂改建为古樟园并迎客		HM2	MS1/ MS3
汉：初建马城宫玄帝殿,墨佐君在水月坞内筑坛求仙	不同历史时期墨佐君坛的祭祀活动	表达洞庭西山民间信仰文化的起源、发展	HM1	MS2
三国：东吴太傅阚泽退隐西山舍宅初建文化寺和盘龙寺	西山自古就是佛道兴盛之地,民间信仰文化的延续		HM1	MS2
南北朝：初建报忠寺、福愿寺（包山寺）、福源寺、水月寺、孤园寺（下方寺）、法华寺、西湖寺、上真宫、西升观	西山民间信仰文化的延续,如宋代包山寺重兴,清朝受顺治帝赐御笔“敬佛”二字等、甪里巡检司暴式昭将包山寺“敬佛”御笔刻于石碑,1999年包山寺举行佛像开光仪式		HM1	MS2
唐：在林屋洞前诏建神景宫（灵佑观）,太湖水患时朝廷派人至林屋洞祭神	宋朝林屋洞被列为十大洞天之第九、毛公坛被列为七十二福地之第四十九,朝廷派官员、道士在林屋洞祭神。明朝东山宰相王鏊游林屋洞题“天下第九洞天”。1984年林屋洞作为景点正式开放,1986、1995年其摩崖石刻先后被公布为县级文保单位和省级文保单位,林屋洞首次登上“太湖”邮票,1997年林屋洞举行首届太湖西山梅花节		HM1	MS2
唐：初建上方寺、天王寺、长寿寺、罗汉寺	1984年罗汉寺建大殿和山门,1988年罗汉寺正式开放		HM1	MS2
清：初建天后宫	1945年举行为期三天的娘娘庙会		HM1	MS2

表1

图4

表2

图5

图6

图7

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指标及空间类型		发展阶段
指标及空间类型		初成阶段	鼎盛阶段	平稳阶段	再生阶段
相对变化率	生活生产类	-	1.77	0.37	0.00
	功能象征类	-	0.65	2.92	2.37
	社会表征类	-	0.90	0.82	1.24
	精神仪式类	-	0.47	0.00	0.53
累积变化率	生活生产类	-	0.00	0.01	0.00
	功能象征类	-	0.00	0.09	0.21
	社会表征类	-	0.13	0.07	0.07
	精神仪式类	-	0.00	0.00	0.02

乡村文化记忆空间的类型、格局及影响因素——以苏州金庭镇为例

Type classification, pattern characteristics and influencing factors of rural cultural memory space: A case study of Jinting town in Suzhou

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