地理研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1558-1574.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201808007
李建新1(), 杨永春1,2(
), 蒋小荣1, 梁曼1, 郭泉恩3
收稿日期:
2018-02-12
修回日期:
2018-05-30
出版日期:
2018-08-20
发布日期:
2018-08-20
作者简介:
作者简介:李建新(1990- ),男,江西东乡人,博士研究生,研究方向为经济地理与空间规划。E-mail:
基金资助:
Jianxin LI1(), Yongchun YANG1,2(
), Xiaorong JIANG1, Man LIANG1, Quanen GUO3
Received:
2018-02-12
Revised:
2018-05-30
Online:
2018-08-20
Published:
2018-08-20
About author:
Author: Shi Zhenqin (1988-), PhD, specialized in regional development and land space management in mountain areas. E-mail:
*Corresponding author: Deng Wei (1957-), Professor, specialized in mountain environment and regional development.
E-mail:
摘要:
实现制造业产业结构的优化和空间结构的协调,是当下中国制造业结构调整亟需解决的两大核心问题。基于规模以上企业数据,运用产业结构高级度(UPG)指数、GIS方法考察1998-2013年中国制造业产业结构高级度从全国到地市的多尺度时空格局特征,并对比OLS和空间回归模型进一步探讨城市制造业产业结构高级度的影响因素。研究表明:① 国家尺度,随着制造业产值提升了10.67倍,制造业UPG指数实现了由5.987到6.225的提升,但金融危机后略有下滑。② 区域尺度,制造业UPG指数由东部地区→东北地区→西部地区→中部地区递次降低,东北地区在2003年后大幅下降,中、西部地区始终处于底端且在全国地位略有下降。③ 省域尺度,直辖市与东部沿海省份的制造业UPG指数相对较高且成长更快,而中西部尤其是多数边疆省份较低且成长缓慢,甚至下降。④ 市域尺度,制造业UPG指数热点区域由北方传统工业城市向东部沿海城市转移,逐步在全国形成一个以长三角地区为导向的核心—边缘模式。⑤ 劳动力工资的提升是城市制造业UPG指数提高的重要推手,创新能力和制造业集聚的促进作用在后期有所下降,居民消费和开发区的作用在后期逐渐显著,外资的集聚总体抑制了城市制造业UPG指数的提升,而沿海三大核心城市群的作用尚不显著。
李建新, 杨永春, 蒋小荣, 梁曼, 郭泉恩. 中国制造业产业结构高级度的时空格局与影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(8): 1558-1574.
Jianxin LI, Yongchun YANG, Xiaorong JIANG, Man LIANG, Quanen GUO. The spatial-temporal patterns and influencing factors of the industrial structure upgrade of China's manufacturing[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(8): 1558-1574.
表1
1998-2013年中国不同技术层次制造业产值与UPG指数的演变"
年份 | 制造业企业数量(家) | 低技术产业产值(亿元) | 中技术产业产值(亿元) | 高技术产业产值(亿元) | 所有制造业产值(亿元) | 高技术产业产值占比(%) | UPG指数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | 127009 | 19020 | 15384 | 24846 | 59250 | 41.93 | 5.987 |
2003 | 171035 | 34090 | 33918 | 60202 | 128210 | 46.96 | 6.241 |
2008 | 382436 | 82731 | 93734 | 154994 | 331459 | 46.76 | 6.267 |
2013 | 319653 | 175622 | 200290 | 315685 | 691597 | 45.65 | 6.225 |
表2
1998-2013年中国区域尺度制造业UPG指数及其差异演变"
年份 | 1998年 | 2003年 | 2008年 | 2013年 | 1998-2013年 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
东部 | 6.030 (100.72) | 6.321 (101.28) | 6.388 (101.93) | 6.381 (102.51) | 6.357 (102.10) |
中部 | 5.782 (96.58) | 5.949 (95.32) | 5.950 (94.94) | 5.971 (95.92) | 5.955 (95.65) |
西部 | 5.874 (98.11) | 5.979 (95.80) | 5.977 (95.37) | 5.996 (96.32) | 5.983 (96.10) |
东北 | 6.291 (105.08) | 6.480 (103.83) | 6.226 (99.35) | 6.069 (97.49) | 6.157 (98.89) |
全国 | 5.987 (100) | 6.241 (100) | 6.267 (100) | 6.225 (100) | 6.226 (100) |
板块间标准差指数 | 0.2228 | 0.2607 | 0.2095 | 0.1890 | 0.1854 |
板块间变异系数 | 0.0372 | 0.0418 | 0.0334 | 0.0304 | 0.0298 |
表3
OLS估计结果"
变量 | lnWAGE | lnINOVA | lnCONSU | lnMANU | lnFDI | URBAN | ZONE | 模型主要参数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1998年 | 0.577*** (0.001) | 0.536*** (0.000) | -0.090 (0.193) | 0.130*** (0.008) | -0.081*** (0.000) | -0.055 (0.632) | -0.101 (0.408) | R2=0.216;AIC=334.757 Log L = -159.378 |
2003年 | 0.012 (0.865) | 0.011** (0.014) | -0.027 (0.698) | 0.193*** (0.000) | -0.045** (0.036) | -0.119 (0.338) | 0.095 (0.396) | R2=0.214;AIC=370.555 Log L = -177.278 |
2008年 | 0.730*** (0.000) | 0.003 (0.243) | -0.058 (0.422) | 0.065 (0.167) | -0.015 (0.521) | 0.095 (0.418) | 0.211** (0.041) | R2=0.250;AIC=348.631 Log L = -166.316 |
2013年 | 1.468*** (0.000) | -0.001 (0.926) | 0.168 (0.147) | 0.025 (0.774) | -0.011 (0.791) | 0.171 (0.394) | 0.331** (0.027) | R2=0.274;AIC=335.095 Log L = -159.547 |
表4
空间滞后模型和空间误差模型的估计结果"
变量 | 1998年 | 2003年 | 2008年 | 2013年 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SEM | SLM | SEM | SLM | SEM | SLM | SEM | SLM | ||||
常数 | 1.019 | 0.555 | 4.892*** | 4.892*** | -1.447 | -1.150 | -13.668*** | -15.770*** | |||
lnWAGE | 0.563*** | 0.620 | 0.013 | 0.016 | 0.741*** | 0.726*** | 1.280*** | 1.495*** | |||
lnINOVA | 0.467*** | 0.525 | 0.011** | 0.011** | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.002 | |||
lnCONSU | -0.087 | -0.082 | -0.028 | -0.026 | -0.045 | -0.059 | 0.203* | 0.159 | |||
lnMANU | 0.149*** | 0.125 | 0.194*** | 0.196*** | 0.068 | 0.065 | 0.018 | 0.017 | |||
lnFDI | -0.077*** | -0.084 | -0.046** | -0.051** | -0.017 | -0.014 | -0.033 | -0.029 | |||
URBAN | -0.128 | -0.064 | -0.120 | -0.122 | 0.054 | 0.098 | 0.038 | 0.086 | |||
ZONE | -0.083 | -0.098 | 0.095 | 0.105 | 0.183* | 0.212** | 0.317** | 0.347** | |||
R2 | 0.266 | 0.220 | 0.257 | 0.216 | 0.270 | 0.251 | 0.338 | 0.292 | |||
Log L | -154.293 | -158.891 | -172.980 | -177.027 | -164.376 | -166.305 | -155.165 | -159.233 | |||
AIC | 324.586 | 335.782 | 370.555 | 372.055 | 344.753 | 350.610 | 326.330 | 336.465 | |||
LM-Error | 10.113*** | 8.102*** | 3.422* | 13.290*** | |||||||
Robust LM-Error | 9.231*** | 7.598*** | 3.721* | 9.047*** | |||||||
LM-Lag | 0.978 | 0.507 | 0.020 | 4.425** | |||||||
Robust LM-Lag | 0.096 | 0.002 | 0.319 | 0.182 | |||||||
空间误差项l | 0.260*** | 0.246*** | 0.174** | 0.313*** | |||||||
空间滞后项r | 0.018 | 0.014 | -0.003 | 0.121** |
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