珠江三角洲旅游创新的协调发展研究——基于二象对偶理论视角

doi:10.11821/dlyj201809008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以珠江三角洲九城市为研究对象,借用区域创新二象对偶评价模型,构建区域旅游创新评价指标体系,测算区域旅游创新综合发展水平以及协调发展水平。通过对区域旅游创新的综合发展水平、协调水平进行评价,发现珠三角九市旅游创新发展呈现U型的不协调发展态势。其中广州、中山的旅游创新能力较强,但是协调度不高;深圳的旅游创新能力较强,协调度较高;其他6城市的旅游创新综合水平较低,协调度较高。据此,应采取加大旅游业创新投入、强化旅游产业创新支撑、加速旅游创新扩散,加强广州、深圳与其他城市之间的合作创新等相关措施,大力推动珠江三角洲九市旅游创新的协调发展,以提升区域旅游创新的整体水平。

关键词: 旅游创新, 协调发展, 二象对偶理论, 珠江三角洲

Abstract:

Based on interduality theory, the regional tourism innovation system is divided into the state subsystem and the process subsystem which characterize the innovation ability and innovation efficiency, respectively. Focusing on nine cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, this study develops the index system and the evaluation model of coordinated development in tourism innovation. In addition, the innovation ability, the innovation level of the subsystem, and the degree of inter-city coordination are derived from relevant statistical data. The evaluation, calculation and classification results of the comprehensive development level and the coordinated level of the innovation subsystem show that the developmental differences in tourism innovation of the nine cities could be characterized as a U-shaped pattern. The tourism innovation ability of Guangzhou and Zhongshan is good but with a low coordination degree, while both of the indexes are good for Shenzhen. For the remaining six cities, the comprehensive level of tourism innovation is low; however, their coordination degree is high. Therefore, to promote the coordinated development of tourism innovation in the nine PRD cities and thereby enhance the overall level of regional tourism innovation, the following measures should be taken. First, effective measures should be taken to increase investment in tourism innovation, initiate favorable policies of tourism innovation, ensure a beneficial environment for tourism innovation, and create a positive atmosphere for tourism innovation. Emphasis should be placed on the areas with low-level tourism innovation; constant improvements should be applied to the innovation mechanism in those areas and innovative talents and funds should be provided continuously, which turn to the learning region of tourism innovation. Second, innovation within the tourism industry is expected to be strengthened and the productivity of tourism innovation should be enhanced. We should comprehensively improve the overall quality of the employees, train innovative talents, and vigorously promote the construction of tourist talent tanks. Third, it must be acknowledged that regional cooperation will deliver growth across regions. In order to accelerate the diffusion and spillover of tourism innovation, the effect of spatial proximity on tourism innovation should be exaggerated. For example, in terms of tourism innovation, Hong Kong and Macao can exert a leading influence on the Pearl River Delta; meanwhile, Guangzhou and Shenzhen should cooperate with other cities in order to promote the coordinated development of regional tourism innovation. At the same time, we should actively guide the rational allocation of tourism innovation resources among regions, and promote the relevant industries to support tourism innovation in the special regions.

Key words: tourism innovation, coordinated innovation, Interduality Theory, Pearl River Delta (PRD)

江金波, 唐金稳. 珠江三角洲旅游创新的协调发展研究——基于二象对偶理论视角[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(9): 1751-1761.

Jinbo JIANG, Jinwen TANG. The coordinated development of regional tourism innovation in the Pearl River Delta: Based on interduality theory[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(9): 1751-1761.

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指标类别	评价领域	评价指标	指标选取依据
旅游创新投入	创新经费	旅游业R&D经费支出占旅游总收入比例(X₁)	文献[15] 文献[16] 文献[12] OECD科学、技术和产业计分表指标体系
	创新人员	旅游业科研人员占旅游从业人员总数比例(X₂)
	研发机构	设置旅游管理专业的院校数(X₃)
	研发机构	旅游规划资质单位数量(X₄)
	设备投入	旅游固定资产投资额(X₅)
旅游创新产出	知识产出	旅游学术论文发表数(Y₁)	文献[15] 文献[16] 欧盟创新记分牌EIS 欧盟IS4S 奥斯陆手册(2005) 文献[17]
	知识产出	旅游专利申请数(Y₂)
	创新经济绩效	旅游总收入增长率(Y₃)
	市场创新开拓	国际游客占全部游客的比例(Y₄)
		旅游外汇收入(Y₅)
		旅游展销会年举办数量(Y₆)
	旅游规模变化	高等级旅游企业新增数量(Y₇)

指标类别	评价指标	权重
旅游创新投入	X₁以旅游业R&D经费支出占旅游总收入比例	0.0817
	X₂旅游业科研人员占旅游从业人员总数比例	0.0942
	X₃设置旅游管理专业的院校数	0.0928
	X₄旅游规划资质单位数量	0.0688
	X₅旅游固定资产投资额	0.1224
旅游创新产出	Y₁旅游学术论文发表数	0.0895
	Y₂旅游专利申请数	0.1337
	Y₃旅游总收入增长率	0.0514
	Y₄国际游客占全部游客的比例	0.0434
	Y₅旅游外汇收入	0.0684
	Y₆旅游展销会年举办数量	0.0503
	Y₇高等级旅游企业新增数量	0.1034

地级市	状态子系统发展水平L'(S₁)	过程子系统发展水平L'(S₂)	区域旅游创新系统综合发展水平CL(S)	区域旅游创新系统协调发展水平C
广州	1.000	0.302	0.651	0.712
深圳	0.612	0.576	0.594	0.999
珠海	0.302	0.391	0.346	0.984
佛山	0.284	0.366	0.325	0.984
惠州	0.218	0.294	0.256	0.978
东莞	0.256	0.349	0.302	0.976
中山	0.218	0.612	0.415	0.776
江门	0.264	0.344	0.304	0.983
肇庆	0.130	0.260	0.195	0.888

协调发展值	0.9~1.0	0.8~0.9	0.6~0.8	0~0.6
等级	非常协调	基本协调	弱协调	不协调
综合发展值	0.8~1.0	0.6~0.8	0.4~0.6	0~0.4
等级	优秀	良好	中等	差