城市化地区生态空间可持续利用的科学内涵

doi:10.11821/dlyj201810002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态空间是维护城市化地区生态安全、改善人居环境的重要保障。现有城市化地区生态空间的研究侧重生态保护,存在不足和认知局限,难以满足当前社会和实践需求。如何实现生态空间可持续利用,增加其社会与文化服务功能,成为社会经济转型时期人文与经济地理领域的紧迫课题。为推动城市化地区生态空间可持续利用的综合分析与系统研究,在界定城市化地区生态空间的基础上,阐述了其可持续利用的涵义,并建构了包括研究目标与指导理念、研究趋向与重点内容、研究尺度等在内的研究框架,指出：① 研究总体目标是注重可持续多元化利用,改善人居环境,增进人类福祉;② 城市化地区生态空间可持续利用模式、评价与调控机理、规划与治理方面的研究亟待加强;③ 需要加强生态空间可持续利用的区域分析、空间分析和综合集成分析;④ 不同空间尺度的城市化地区的生态空间可持续利用模式具有差异性,也具有不同的研究需求,需有针对性地开展研究。通过对城市化地区生态空间可持续利用研究范式和重点的审视与思辨,为今后相关研究的拓展和深化提供参考。

关键词: 城市化地区, 生态空间, 生态系统服务, 可持续利用, 研究框架

Abstract:

Ecological space plays an important role in ensuring the ecological security and good living environment in urbanized areas. Sustainable ecological space utilization (SESU) in urbanized areas is an important research subject during the period of urban social and economic transformation development in the human-economic geography domain in China. In order to make a systematic and comprehensive study on SESU, the concept of SESU is introduced into the human-economic geography based on the connotation of ecological space in urbanized areas. Then, a research framework including research objectives, research contents, analytical orientation and scales is proposed based on the research progress and inadequacies in the field. The framework further points out that: (1) Research goal on SESU in urbanized areas is to enhance human well-beings; (2) It is suggested that the future research should focus on spatial pattern, evolution mechanism, evaluation and regulation mechanism, as well as planning and governance of SESU in urbanized areas; (3) Regional analysis, spatial analysis and comprehensive analysis of SESU in urbanized areas should be strengthened; (4) Research requirements for different urban scales are different and targeted researches of the scale should be conducted. The paper provides new research perspectives and references for future studies on SESU in urbanized areas.

Key words: urbanized areas, ecological space, eco-system service, sustainable utilization, research framework

王甫园, 王开泳. 城市化地区生态空间可持续利用的科学内涵[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(10): 1899-1914.

Fuyuan WANG, Kaiyong WANG. The scientific connotation of sustainable utilization of ecological space in urbanized areas[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(10): 1899-1914.

图/表 4

表1

城市化地区生态空间利用的类型"

方法	概念	一级分类	二级分类	来源
土地生态功能法	城市生态空间体系用地	城市绿地	公园绿地、生产防护绿地、附属绿地、其他城市绿地	何梅等^[26]
		生态保育用地	山体水体、湿地、水源保护地、森林公园、自然保护区、生态廊道
		景观游憩用地	风景名胜区、郊野公园、生态休闲旅游区
		农业用地	耕地、园地、牧草地、其他农用地
	区域生态用地	自然用地	天然森林、天然草地、天然湿地、沼泽地、天然水域、沙漠、冰川与永久积雪、盐碱地、苔原	邓红兵等^[19]
		保护区用地	自然保护区、风景名胜区、防护用地、水体缓冲用地
		休养与休闲用地	交通绿化用地、疗养地、体育运动设施用地、观光农业用地、公共绿地及屋顶绿地、殡葬用地
		废弃与纳污用地	废弃地、垃圾处理地
	城市生态用地	自然用地	水域、农林用地	刘晟呈^[27]
		保护区用地	自然保护区、风景名胜区、森林公园、饮用水水源保护区
		游憩、文化休闲用地	郊野公园、观光农业用地、文物古迹保护区、公园绿地
		生态防护用地	生态廊道用地、防护用地
		生态恢复用地	工业迹地恢复用地、未利用地恢复用地
	城市生态空间规划类型	城市绿地	公共绿地（公园等）、生产防护绿地等	詹运洲等^[23]
		城市林地	在主城区设置的楔形绿地、郊野公园、森林公园、生态敏感区等。
		环城绿带	控制城市蔓延而再城区边缘布置的绿带,通常为林地。
		生态廊道	保护生物多样性和景观多样性的带状廊道
		生态保育区	以耕地为主的基本农田集中区
		生态禁建区	包括一级水源保护区、风景名胜区、自然保护区等。
	城市生态用地	服务型生态用地	居民区和工厂的绿地、道路两旁的绿带、城市周边的防沙、防风林带,高速公路和铁路周围防噪声的防护林带, 海岸的防潮林带,城市广场绿地,人工湖等	邓小文等^[28]
	城市生态用地	功能型生态用地	主要包括城市范围内的自然保护区、天然河道、湖泊、湿地、城市范围内大面积、成规模的林、草地等	邓小文等^[28]
土地利用/覆被法	城市生态空间	农用地	林地、牧草地	陈爽等^[22]
		建设用地	水库水面
		非利用土地	荒草地、盐碱地、沼泽地、沙地、裸土地、裸岩石砾地、其他未利用土地其他土地：河流水面、湖泊水面、苇地、滩涂、冰川及永久积雪
	城市生态用地	绿色生态空间用地	耕地、园地、林地、牧草地、其他农用地	关小克等^[29]
		蓝色生态空间用地	水库水面、河流水面、湖泊水面、养殖水面、苇地、滩涂、坑塘水面
		未利用生态空间用地	未利用土地
	城市绿色空间		水域、林地、果园地、耕地、建设用地、城市绿地	潘影等^[25]
	城市生态用地	湿地生态用地	主要指城市中天然的或人工的河道、湖泊、坑塘	王振健等^[30]
	城市生态用地	绿化生态用地	防护绿地、公共绿地和庭院绿地	王振健等^[30]
方法	概念	一级分类	二级分类	来源
土地利用/覆被法	生态用地	人工生态用地	耕地、园地、设施农用地、人工水面、防护林地	白钰等^[31]
	生态用地	自然生态用地	自然林地、草地、水域、滩涂、特殊生态功能用地、稀疏及无植被地	白钰等^[31]
	城市绿色空间		人类主导的景观、人类和自然共同主导的景观、自然植被主导的景观	Tian等^[32]
	生态用地	原生生态用地	天然林地、天然草地、水域、滩涂、特殊生态功能用地、稀疏及无植被地	龙花楼等^[24]
		半人工生态用地	耕地、园地
		人工生态用地	人工林地、人工草地、绿化用地、道路防护绿地、人工水面、设施农用地
综合法	城市绿色空间		公园、湖泊、自然地、教堂庭院（churchyards）、运动场（sports fields）、公用地（common areas）、农用地（agriculture fields）、防护绿地（green buffer）	Panduro等^[7]
综合法	城市绿色空间		私人花园、居住区半私用绿色空间、半私人绿色空间中的私人区域、公共绿色空间、公共和商业绿色空间、教堂庭院和墓地、基础设施绿地（infrastructural green）、产业绿地（industry green）、运动区、农用地、水滨、森林	Neuenschwander等^[16]

表1

图1

图2

图3

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