居住环境多维剥夺的地理识别及类型划分——以郑州主城区为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201810008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设计城市多维剥夺度量方法和提高剥夺地理识别的精度,是近年来城市社会地理研究的重要内容,也是城市政府高效建成和谐舒适的人居环境所面临的关键问题。根据居住小区规划标准和15分钟社区生活圈建设要求,从与居民日常生活密切相关的设施邻近入手构建城市居住环境评价框架与识别方法,对郑州居住环境剥夺开展街道尺度的地理识别,并对识别出的街道按照消除剥夺政策措施的相似性进行类型划分。结果表明：① 多维居住环境剥夺指数低的街道呈现“十”字型分布格局,剥夺指数值由“十”字型的中心向外逐渐增加,并且任何两个环境剥夺维度间相互作用对解释多维居住环境剥夺指数的空间分异有非线性增强作用;② 单一维度的剥夺指数值呈现显著空间集聚特征,但不同环境维度的空间变化呈现不同形态;③ 32个街道被识别为多维环境剥夺区,根据剥夺维度将其划分为噪音环境剥夺型、教育医疗剥夺型、生活出行剥夺型、品质生活剥夺型、居住条件缺乏型五种类型。依据不同剥夺类型提出有针对性的措施,以改善街道居住环境的适宜性和增强其街道活力。

关键词: 多维环境剥夺, 街道尺度, 居住环境, 地理识别, 郑州市

Abstract:

The design of multidimensional deprivation measurement and the improvement of geographical identification accuracy are important contents of urban social geography research in recent years, being also the key problems faced by the city government in building a harmonious and comfortable residential environment. According to the requirements of the residential planning and the 15 minutes community life circle, based on the accessibility of the nearby facilities related to the daily life, this paper constructs the evaluation framework of city residential environment and identification methods, carries out the geographical identification of residential environment in Zhengzhou on the sub-district scale, and brings forward some measures to eliminate the environmental deprivation according to the similarity of the types of policies. The results show that the sub-districts with a low value of multidimensional deprivation index represents a "ten" distribution pattern and increases gradually from the center to the periphery, and the interaction between any two dimensions has a nonlinear enhancement to explain the spatial differentiation of the multidimensional deprivation index. The single dimension deprivation index shows significant spatial clustering characteristics, but the spatial variation of different environmental dimensions presents different morphological characteristics. This paper identifies 32 sub-districts as the multidimensional deprivation area, and can be divided into the five types including the noise deprivation, the medical and education deprivation, the life and travel deprivation, the quality and life deprivation, and the living deficiency based on the deprivation dimension. According to the different types of deprivation, this paper puts forward the targeted measures to improve the suitability of the residential environment and enhance the vitality of the sub-district.

Key words: multidimensional environmental deprivation, sub-district scale, residential environmental, geographical identification, Zhengzhou city

罗庆, 李双金, 刘荣增, 李小建. 居住环境多维剥夺的地理识别及类型划分——以郑州主城区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(10): 1971-1981.

Qing LUO, Shuangjin LI, Rongzeng LIU, Xiaojian LI. Geographical identification and classification of residential environmental deprivation: A case study of Zhengzhou city[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(10): 1971-1981.

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剥夺维度	指标	基本服务半径/影响范围（m）	指标权重
休闲服务（G）	公园绿地	1000	0.646
	水系	1000	0.354
生活服务（L）	便利商店	500	0.276
	农贸市场	1000	0.225
	社区综合超市	1000	0.284
	银行	1000	0.215
教育服务（E）	幼儿园	300	0.212
	小学	500	0.497
	中学	1000	0.291
医疗服务（H）	药店	500	0.436
	社区卫生服务中心	1000	0.564
交通出行（T）	公交站	500	0.678
	地铁站	1000	0.322
噪音环境（N）	快速路噪音状况	500	0.643
	铁路噪音状况	500	0.357

主导交互因子	q值	主导交互因子	q值	主导交互因子	q值
休闲服务∩生活服务	0.764	生活服务∩教育服务	0.650	教育服务∩交通出行	0.710
休闲服务∩教育服务	0.498	生活服务∩医疗服务	0.654	教育服务∩噪音环境	0.580
休闲服务∩医疗服务	0.669	生活服务∩交通出行	0.701	医疗服务∩交通出行	0.717
休闲服务∩交通出行	0.706	生活服务∩噪音环境	0.630	医疗服务∩噪音环境	0.616
休闲服务∩噪音环境	0.565	教育服务∩医疗服务	0.584	交通出行∩噪音环境	0.606

剥夺维度组合归类	小区个数	类型名称	主要特征	政策措施
N	5	噪音环境剥夺型	火车站所在地或有大量铁路、高速、快速路等;噪音防护措施缺乏	道路两侧修建隔音墙或隔音棚;对年久居住小区进行搬迁,改建成绿化带
EL,EH,H,EHL,EHT	6	教育医疗剥夺型	人口快速集聚;教育医疗设施缺乏	加快教育医疗设施建设;引导银行网点、超市、便利店等各类服务设施布局
T,TL,ETL,HTL	5	生活出行剥夺型	自然环境较好、人口密度低;交通设施和生活服务设施缺乏	同步建设生活、交通设施的配套;吸引人口集聚,增强区域活力
GE,GL ,GLT	8	品质生活剥夺型	公园绿地等公共空间缺乏;生活服务设施不够完备	城市居住小区建设过程中,加强公园绿地等公共空间的规划建设,完善生活社会和交通出行设施,集聚人气
GEHLT,EHLT	8	居住条件缺乏型	处于城市最边缘;教育、医疗、生活等设施缺乏	村庄拆迁同时,按照城市居住小区标准对新建居住小区的各项设施的配套建设