关键词: 居住分异, 社会空间结构, 演化, 上海

Abstract:

In the study of urban socio-spatial evolution, the residents committee could be taken as the basic unit of analysis because it has a relatively similar socio-economic status. It might be more accurate to assess the residential differentiation and segregation degree and reduce the underestimation effect using the data of residential committees. Based on the Shanghai population geographic information database and census data obtained from 2000 and 2010 with statistical units of the residents committee, the present study used the local differentiation index and spatial analysis methods to describe the characteristics of urban residential differentiation and social space evolution in Shanghai under the background of globalization and marketization in dual dimensions of the Hukou and the occupation. The results demonstrated that in Shanghai, the residential differentiation characteristics were apparent and the "core-periphery" socio-spatial structure formed before 1949 was largely unchanged. Consequently, inner city of Shanghai experienced rapid gentrification and white-collar gathering during the last two censuses. The residential space of the elite class was closer to the city center, and the residential space of ordinary white-collar social classes were further marginalized with urban expansion. This confirmed other scholars' opinions on the marginalization of white-collar workers and the differentiation of the middle class based on case studies. The inter-provincial immigrant residential areas shifted from the edge of the central urban area to the area outside the central city, and further to the outer suburbs. Transnational and native elites dominated the space production - the reproduction of social relations, which brought about long-term stability of urban social space in Shanghai. At macro-scale, the residential differentiation in the occupation dimension was more obvious than that of the Hukou dimension. At micro-scale, the urban residential segregation index climbed quickly, while the residential differentiation in the Hukou dimension truly existed, which was independent of the occupation difference. The disadvantaged group gathered in the marginal social space and social inequality might be more severe in the future. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the social equality governance in the urban space and further analysis should be made on the social space characteristics, space power relations, and space logic of Chinese large cities.

Key words: residential differentiation, social space structure, evolution, Shanghai