Abstract: In this article, taking the Heilongjiang province and Hulunbeier League as a example, some concepts on land study, such as land, land classlification as well as its rule of distribution are discussed.Land or terrain is a physical complex.It is an end product acted by whole physical factors, including climate, landform, hydrography, soil, vegetation etc. It includes also past and present human activities and their impacts upon environment.Based upon specific natural conditions of the Heilongjiang province and Hulunbe-cr League, principles for classifying land types are given. A hierarchical scheme for landclassification in the region are introduced. The first-level land unit is named "great land group" which approximates "land system" as called by Australian CSIRO. The second-level is named "land type", and the third-level, land association that only be studied and mappad in large-scale maps (usually larger than 1:50000).The Heilongjiang province and Hulunbeier League are located at 42°23'N throug-53°34'N, with a total area of about 710,000 sq km. It is situated mostly in the nor them part of the temperate zone. Its northernmost part and areas more than 800-1000m. above-sea-level belong to the cold-temperate zone. By taking landform, soil and vegetation as chief criteria for classification, 18 great land groups and 71 land types are identified.Horizontal and vertical distribution, as well as structure of land types are also discussed.