Abstract: Sichuan province has a population of 99713310,which makes up about 9.7% of China's population,and ranks first above all the provinces in China,The population of Sichuan Province is characterised by large cardinal number,predominant farming population,high population density and great increase rates,The geographical distribution of the population in Sichuan province has the following laws.Eastern Sichuan has more population than western Sichuan,The population in plains and hilly lands is greater than that in mountains and plateans.The population in citjes and towns is greater than that in the countryside.Such a population distribution in space is resulted from the interaction of such factors as physical geography,society,economy,history and nations.In view of the large population in Sichuan province,the author suggests that it is mecessary to control the population growth.