关键词: 中国城市, 职能分类

Abstract: By using the Ward's Error Method of hierarchical cluster analysis and applying the Nelson classification measure supplementarily, the authors have grouped the 295 Chinese cities in 1984 into 4 main categories, is sub-categories and 43 functional groups. Based on the classification, the typical features of the cities have been outlined as follows.(1) Regional conditions, geographic location, the status of each city in the urban hierarchical system, and the urban and industrial development policies are the main factors affecting the different industrial functions of Chinese cities. Among them the development policies for industry play an important role especially.(2) As far as the city size is concerned, 70% of metropolises and large cities are diversified industrial centres. As for the mediumsized cities, nearly half of them are diversified industrial centres and cities with textile industry as major branch. And the smallest cities have dominant food, textile, engineering and leather indistries.(3) The features of the spatial distribution of the cities could mainly be summed up as follows. Cities in east region are mostly larger diversified industrial centres with rather complete branches and cities with industrial branches of higher level such as textile and electronic industries as major branches; While the most cities in the middle and west region have such major industrial branches, food and leather industries processing agricultural products or metallurgical and energetical industries based on the utilization of natural resources.Finally, the economic efficiency of the cities in different subcategories has been also analysed according to the view of input and output analysis. The result shows that the large diversified industrial centres with high output are all based on high input, while most medium-sized and small cities with manufacturing industries as major branches have just been developed on low input and low output as well. So we can come to the conclusions. Firsty, to adjust the irrational price svstem in industrial production and to improve the crosswise economic cooperations among different regions are necessary measures to enhance the economic efficiency of cities. Secondly, to intensify the specialization and cooperation among cities and to optimize the industrial structures of the cities will be efficient works for the development of urban economy and the constant improvement of economic efficiency for the whole country.

Key words: Chinese cities, Industrial br nches, Functional Classification, Cluster analysis, Economic efficiency, Input and output