地理研究

地理研究 ›› 1997, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 63-69.doi: 10.11821/yj1997030008

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地理信息系统和遥感技术支持下的山地环境梯度分析方法研究*

刘卫国, 吕鸣伦   

  1. 中国科学院国家计划委员会地理研究所 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:1996-10-15 修回日期:1997-06-11 出版日期:1997-09-15 发布日期:1997-09-15
  • 作者简介:刘卫国,男,1971年生.1993年毕业于河北大学电子与信息工程系.1996年毕业于北京林业大学获硕士学位.同年在地理所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室攻读地理信息系统与遥感方向博士学位.研究方向为GIS网络分析,GIS与专业模型集成及科学可视化技术.已公开发表论文“Helan Mountain Environment Gradient Analysis and Vegetation Cartography”等5篇.
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金(89460023)

THE METHOD OF MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT GRADIENTANALYSIS BASED ON GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATIONSYSTEM AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY

Liu Weiguo, Lü Minglun   

  1. LREIS, Institute of Geography, CAS, Beijing 100101
  • Received:1996-10-15 Revised:1997-06-11 Online:1997-09-15 Published:1997-09-15

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摘要： 文章提出了一种地理信息系统和遥感技术支持下的环境梯度分析方法。应用该方法可将研究区域的TM遥感影像经遥感图像处理和分类得到该地区的植被类型分布图,充分应用地理信息系统强大的空间信息管理和分析功能,将各环境因子分布图分别与植被类型分布图进行叠加分析得到各种植被类型与各环境因子关系的向量表达式,进而建立符合环境梯度分布的植被空间分布模型。在此基础上,综合各环境因子分布图与植被类型分布图进行叠加分析和植被群落空间分布制图。该方法曾应用于贺兰山环境梯度分析并得到较满意的结果。

关键词: 环境梯度分析, 地理信息系统, 遥感, 空间分析

Abstract: The aim of environment gradient analysis is to explain the inter spatial relationships of each kind of environment factors.Although so many methods have been used for the analysis, the shortages of the traditional research, heavy work amount and operation miscellaneous, have not been overcome.On the base of the geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology, a new method and flow-line of environment gradient analysis are set up in this paper.The advantage of the new method lies in simple operation and time-saving.With the remote sensing image processing software, the TM image of the research area was processed, classified, and the vegetation distribution map was produced quickly.The GIS also provides powerful spatial analysis ability such as overlay for multiple thematic maps integration analysis.In this paper, four environment factors, elevation, precipitation, soil and temperature, were selected and their thematic maps were overlaid with vegetation distribution map to analyze the relationships between vegetation distribution and them.In order to benefit statistics, the value of each environment factor was transformed into several gradients under certain condition respectively.On the unit of gradient of each environment factor, the distribution amount of each kind of vegetation is counted up by overlaying the vegetation distribution map and the distribution maps of other physical environment factors.The results show that the distribution of each kind of vegetation related to the environment factors concerned is approximately normal and the peak value of each normal is the best representative of the kind of vegetation.Thus, the vector expression with the normal distribution peak value of each factor can be used to describe the relationship between the environment factors and each kind of vegetation.And, the model of the differentiation of vegetation.community spatial distribution conformed to the environment gradient was built.Four thematic maps of selected environment factors were overlaid together to reclassify the vegetation distribution map depending on the above model and minimum distance classification method.The method was tested in the case study of Helan Mountain, and the results are satisfactory.

Key words: GIS, environment gradient analysis, remote sensing, spatial analysis

PACS: 

  • TP79