关键词: 人类活动, 水资源, 持续利用

Abstract: Natural conditions of hydrology in Tarim River have been changed under water utilization by human being. The main changes are:(1) yearly runoff of Tarim River decreased by about 20% by average in recent 40 years. (2) water consumption along the river has changed since 1956, its runoff increased from 26.4% to 43.5% in the upper reaches, from 45.9% to 48.7% in the middle reaches, and decreased from 27.7% to 7.8% in the lower reaches. (3) the percentage of yearly runoff in flood season has increased in the upper reaches, and decreased in the lower reaches. (4) water quality became inferior, mineralization of water is higher in the upper reaches than in the lower reaches. The way to continually using water resources in Tarim River Basin after these changes should be:(1) the yearly runoff from the source rivers to Tarim River is above 43×10⁸m³, so that the basic water requirement of Tiram River can be satisfied. (2) reducing water consumption in the upper reaches and middle reaches through dredging the river to increase runoff in lower reaches. (3) changing traditional way of using water resources and developing the agriculture system and ecological system of saving water.

Key words: human activities, water resources, continually utilization