关键词: 印度河文明, 彩陶文化, 青铜文化, 生态平衡崩解, 地理环境变迁, 沙漠化

Abstract: The research on the rise and fall of the ancient civilization and it's geographical environmental transition has captured the interests of the author. Some issues of the environmental situation, the research work at present, forces driving environmental change and societal responses have been summrized in this paper. At the same time, social and economic factors should be fully considered in the research on the rise and fall of ancient civilization and it's geographical environmental transition which needs analyzing together with regional sustainable development and global change.It is confirmed by historians that the Indus Valley civilization which originated from 3000 B.C, declined suddenly after thonsands years flourishing.This paper inquires into the environmental transition concerned with the rise and fall of the Indus Valley civilization. The preliminary conclusion are: first, the tropical forest in the India river basin not only is the breeding of the ancient agriculture,but also is the natural base for the birth and development of the class society; second, the destruction of the original forest by fire and cutting destroyed the well ecological balance,and resulted in desertification which led the ancient civilization to the edge of decline; third, the invasion of Aryan, and later the wind and sand buried completely the ancient civilization in India River valley.

Key words: harappa culture, Indus Valley civilization, geographical environmental transition, desertification