地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2002, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 54-60.doi: 10.11821/yj2002010007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

温度与降水变化的小波分析及其环境效应解释——以东北农牧交错区为例

张军涛1, 李哲2, 郑度2   

  1. 1. 东北财经大学公共管理系,大连116025;
    2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2001-07-02 修回日期:2001-11-15 出版日期:2002-02-15 发布日期:2002-02-15
  • 作者简介:张军涛(1963-),男,河北省石家庄市人,博士,教授,主要从事自然地理综合研究、区域经济与可 持续发展等方面的研究,已发表论文30多篇,合作出版著作4部。E-mail:juntao.zhang@263.net
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目资助(49731020)

Wavelet analysis of temperature and precipitation changes and their environmental effects

ZHANG Jun-tao1, LI Zhe2, ZHENG Du2   

  1. 1. Department of Public Administration, Northeast Finance and Economics University, Dalian 116025, China;
    2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2001-07-02 Revised:2001-11-15 Online:2002-02-15 Published:2002-02-15

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摘要：

中国东北农牧交错区属于环境变化的过渡区域和敏感区域 ,是最容易感受气候变化的地带之一。该文运用小波分析方法 ,对 5 0年代以来东北农牧交错区典型站点的温度和降水变化情景进行了分析 ,主要分析了其变化的多尺度特征和规律 ;区域和样地分析结果表明 ,降水与温度的时空变化是导致土地退化和环境变化的重要驱动力

关键词: 农牧交错区, 温度与降水变化, 小波分析, 环境效应

Abstract:

The vulnerability of eco-environment and its sensitivity to global environmental change characterize the transitional area of farming and pasturing in Northeast China. The moisture regime is a principal factor, by which the spatial differentiation and variation of the physiographical environment are influenced directly. The temperate and precipitation changes in the last 45 years (1951～1995) were analyzed using wavelet analysis method, mainly on the multi-scale properties and law of the changes. The result of the wavelet analysis indicates that changes of the precipitation at each sampling site were dynamic and the distribution of the relative higher and the lower period was in alternation. During the 45 years, the variation trend of the precipitation was impalpable. The temperature changed periodically but rose gradually in the 45 years. An important reflection to regional environmental change is desertification. The relation between the temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation and the plant growth also was analyzed. The result shows that the fluctuation coefficient of plant output is greater than that of precipitation. This phenomenon has a significant effect on the structure and the function of the regional system and the expansion of desertification. By using the vegetation index (NDVI), the result of comparison of land cover for two periods of time indicates that under the impact of the natural conditions and the human activities, regional change of land cover is obvious. The seasonal change of NDVI values of different vegetations shows that the correlation between monthly average NDVI and precipitation is 0.871～0.953, and the correlation between monthly average NDVI and the temperature is 0.832～0.895. For the study area, the trend of land desertification and salinization did not change at all from the 1950s to the 1990s. The vulnerable soil parent materials, strong wind force as well as concentrated precipitation and its great annual variations have effective impact on the desertification in the area. So the temperature and precipitation change is the major driving force for the land degradationand the environmental change.

Key words: transitional area of farming and pasturing, temperature and precipitation change, wavelet analysis, environmental effect