地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2002, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 305-312.doi: 10.11821/yj2002030005

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中国北方旱地农业研究进展与思考

张义丰1, 王又丰1, 刘录祥2, 侯向阳3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;
    2. 中国农科院原子能研究所,北京100893;
    3. 中国农科院资源与环境研究中心,北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2001-11-28 修回日期:2002-03-10 出版日期:2002-06-15 发布日期:2002-06-15
  • 作者简介:张义丰(1954-),男,江苏丰县人,研究员。主要从事农业与农村发展研究。
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程领域前沿项目(CXIOGB000101);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40171039)

Research progress on arid-land agriculture in northern China

ZHANG Yi feng1, WANG You feng1, LIU Lu xiang2, HOU Xiang yang3   

  1. 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. Institute of Atomic Energy, CAAS, Beijing 100893, China;
    3. Institute of Resource and Environment,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2001-11-28 Revised:2002-03-10 Online:2002-06-15 Published:2002-06-15

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摘要：

北方旱地农业是指沿昆仑山 -秦岭 -淮河一线以北的依靠天然降水补充灌溉农业的地区 ,可分为干旱、半干旱偏旱、半干旱、半湿润偏旱和半湿润五个子区。从农业资源利用现状与生产实践看 ,北方旱地农业发展潜力巨大 ,增产潜力远没有得到发挥。随着国家对食物安全、生态安全、经济安全的重视 ,旱地农业研究必然提上议事日程。本文从国内外旱地农业研究现状入手 ,对旱地农业的战略地位、国内外研究现状、发展潜力进行了深入分析 ,提出了我国北方旱地农业发展的若干策略

关键词: 中国北方, 旱地农业, 研究进展

Abstract:

Arid land agriculture in northern China is located to the north of the line from Kunlun Mountains through Qinling to Huaihe River. The agriculture of this area is rain fed in nature, so its development is greatly restricted by the water resources. And also this means there are great potentials in agricultural development in the light of the status quo of resources utilization and production practice in northern China where the level of agricultural production is low and the eco environment is execrable. As China has put emphasis on food security, eco system and economy, it is necessary for us to develop arid land in northern China with comprehensive methods and strategies. This paper recounts the research status of the arid land agriculture in China and other countries. On the basis of the analysis, the paper concludes that the same experience of the foreign countries in research and practice is that they attach importance to the combination of the amelioration of environment and the increase of crop output. Remarkable achievements have been gained in these aspects: 1) under conditions of water scarcity, most of the countries paid more attention to the collocation of the water and soil resources, especially to the durative increase of the efficiency of water use; 2) in the past several years many countries increased the level of mechanization and got rapid development of the research on the industrialization of technique. The production efficiency is 2.5 times as much as that of ten years ago; and 3) the benign circulation between the mechanization and industrialization of technique has been formed. At the same time, Chinese arid land agriculture has also gained great achievements. Firstly, on the basis of the 5 first level districts and 57 second level districts, the structure of agricultural products and planting system which are suitable for different types of arid land have been established in China. Secondly, both the protection and reasonable exploitation of the renewable resources and the artificial replacement of nonrenewable resources have made rapid progress. For the future development of China's arid land, we have to recognize the demerits of our strategies. So finally the strategies of the development of arid land agriculture in northern China are put forward.

Key words: northern China, arid land agriculture, development strategy