关键词: 退田还湖, 农业劳动力转移, 移民, 湿地旅游

Abstract:

On the basis of the field surveys organized by WWF in the wetland restoration areas of the Dongting Lake, this article analyzes the characteristics and restricted factors of agricultural labor transfer in the wetland restoration areas of the central Yangtze Valley. The results of the study are as follows: the rate of the surplus agricultural labor transfer is much lower on the whole in the investigated areas, and the outflow labor is mainly young people whose educational level is so low in general that they cannot satisfy the needs of labor markets in cities. In addition, the employment information is inadequate, the job opportunities are few, and the transfer cost for peasants is comparatively high. Those factors also restrict off-farm employment in the investigated areas. Finally, according to the situation of the rural economic development and the employment of the labor force in the investigated areas, along with relative research materials at home and abroad, the article identifies some ways for offective transfer of agricultural labor force. They are as follows: to adjust internal agricultural structure and allocation in the lake areas, exploiting the employment potential within the agriculture; to strengthen the development of agricultural industrialization; to adjust the development direction of the township enterprises strategically, combining with the construction of town- and township-run enterprises; to speed up the process of rural urbanization; to develop the eco-tourism of the wetlands; and thus to take active measures to drive the surplus agricultural labor force to other places.

Key words: wetlands restoration, agricultural labor transfer, transfer inhabitant, wetland tourism