关键词: 湿地, 土壤温度, 三江平原

Abstract:

Wetland is a special transitional ecosystem between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem on earth It is also an important survival environment and one of the most colorful biodiversity ecological landscapes Wetland is called the cradle of life, the kidney of the earth, the source of the civilization and the gene base of the species Wetland has indispensable functions in withstanding flood, adjusting runoff, improving climate, controlling pollution, beautifying environment and sustaining ecological balance in regional areas So according to the outline of natural protection drafted by IUCN, UNEP and WWF, wetland, forest and sea are listed as three ecological systems in the whole world, and freshwater wetland is thought as the last concentrative region for the endangered wildlife With the understanding of wetland functions, wetland science has become one of the key disciplines and frontier fields for many scholars In recent years, work has been done on soil temperature by quite a number of scholars to a certain degree but quite less work has been done in wetland soils temperature The Sanjiang Plain is the largest fresh water wetland distributed area in China, so the research on wetland soil temperature in this area is quite typical and representative The heating condition is the main characteristics of wetland soils, which has important influence on the process of wetland ecosystems The paper researches the rule of typical wetland soil changes and the influenting factors with analogy and model fitting The typical wetland soils are mire soil, peat mire soil and swampy meadow lessive First, the paper describes the basic characteristics of the different soil layers Then, it analyzes the vertical change of temperature, temperature change of different months, seasonal dynamics and main environmental factors of these typical wetland soils At the same time, it makes regression analysis of the mean temperature, air temperature and soil temperature at different layers of wetland soils Moreover, it also makes model fitting of the seasonal dynamics of these typical soils and gets satisfied results, R² >0.85 The model helps to predict the changes of these typical wetland soils and their temperatures in growing seasons of wetlands plants This study could further perfect the formation and development theory, understand the function and characteristic of wetland ecosystems and help to reasonably exploit and protect wetland soils

Key words: wetland, wetland soil temperature, Sanjiang Plain