地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2004, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 385-394.doi: 10.11821/yj2004030012

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

唐至北宋黄河下游水患加剧的人文背景分析

王尚义1,2, 任世芳2   

  1. 1. 陕西师范大学历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安710062;
    2. 太原师范学院历史地理与环境变迁研究所,太原030012
  • 收稿日期:2003-06-02 修回日期:2003-10-21 出版日期:2004-06-15 发布日期:2004-06-15
  • 作者简介:王尚义(1955-),男,教授,博士,太原师范学院院长。从事历史地理与环境变迁研究20余年,出版 专著3部,发表论文30余篇。E-mail:wsy326@263.net
  • 基金资助:

    山西省青年科学基金资助项目(20031054)

Factors for intensified flood in the lower Yellow River from the Tang Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty

WANG Shang yi1,2, REN Shi fang2   

  1. 1. Center for Historical Environment and Socio Economic Development in Northwest China of Shanxi Normal University,Xi ’an 710062, China;
    2. Institute of Historical Geography and Environment Changes, Taiyuan Teachers College,Taiyuan 030012,China
  • Received:2003-06-02 Revised:2003-10-21 Online:2004-06-15 Published:2004-06-15

PDF (PC)

赞

被引次数

70 | 1

摘要：

作者应用水患频率 5年滑动平均数法 ,分析了唐、五代至北宋 5 10年的黄河下游水患发展过程。认为 :唐初水患较轻 ,但以后逐步加剧 ,至晚唐已相当严重 ;五代、北宋则几乎年年决溢 ,且灾情远较前代为重。作者又分析比较了两汉、唐至北宋黄河中游及河口镇至龙门间农业人口的变迁 ,发现农业人口的增减与下游水患的增减并不同步。而党项等游牧民族在鄂尔多斯及黄土高原北部的传统放牧活动 ,才是土壤荒漠化和下游水患加剧的根本原因

关键词: 唐至北宋, 黄河下游, 水患

Abstract:

With the application of five year slide average of flood frequency analytical methods, the authors analyse the developing process of the Yellow River in the course of 510 years from the Tang Dynasty (TD), Five Dynasties (FV) to the Northern Song Dynasty (NSD), and explores several major flood afflicted consequences from TD to NSD It is found out a comparatively slight flood occurred at the beginning of TD, whereas severe floods occurred in the middle and late TD. Up till FV and NSD,the Yellow River was breached almost every year, the worst case with a couple of breaches in a year, and the most disastrous flood claimed a casualty of nearly one million people, unprecedented in the Yellow River flood disaster history The analyses and comparisons of the agricultural population migration in the middle Yellow River and from Hekouzhen to Longmen section from Eastern and Western Han dynasties, TD to NSD indicate that the ups and downs of the agricultural population in the middle reaches does not synchronize with flood frequency alteration in the lower reaches The evidence shows the flood of the lower reaches in TD was much slighter than that of Eastern Han, however the population in the middle reaches quadrupled that of EHD at that time Furthermore, population in the middle reaches in mid TD surpassed that of WHD and late NSD as well However, there was a relatively quiet time in the lower reaches in mid TD In accordance with the aforementioned, it can conclude that the local population growth did not contribute to the severe flood disasters in NSD The essay also investigates the conditions of land resources in the middle reaches and from Hekouzhen to Longmen section and concludes that the basin area and the valley plain could already fully satisfy the farming capacity, as a rule, it was unnecessary to open up the available slopes Thus farming activities can not be accountable for the severity of the flood disaster in the lower Yellow River After late TD, Dang Xiang ethnic group expanded their range of activity by establishing the feudal separatist regime in the whole Ordos Plateau and northern Shaanxi of the Loess Plateau and Xia Kingdom later in NSD, which featured the traditional grazing practice of nomadic nationality in this area accounting chiefly for soil desertification and flood disasters in the lower Yellow River

Key words: from Tang Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty, lower Yellow River, flood