地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2004, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 593-604.doi: 10.11821/yj2004050003

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

滇池不同流域类型降雨径流对河流氮磷入湖总量的影响

刘忠翰1, 贺彬1, 王宜明2, 周如海1, 彭江燕1, 余良谋2   

  1. 1. 云南省环境科学研究所,昆明650033;
    2. 昆明冶金高等专科学校环境与市政工程系,昆明650034
  • 收稿日期:2004-03-01 修回日期:2004-06-20 出版日期:2004-10-15 发布日期:2004-10-15
  • 作者简介:刘忠翰(1943-),男,江苏无锡人,正高级工程师(教授级高工)。长期从事水环境与土壤环境科学、 环境生态工程研究,已发表论文40多篇。E-mail:Liuzh@yies.org.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2002CB412310)资助

Effects of rainfall runoff on total nitrogen and phosphorus flux in different catchments of Dianchi Lake, Yunnan, China

LIU Zhong-han1, HE Bin1, WANG Yi-ming2, ZHOU Ru-hai1, PENG Jiang-yan1, YU Liang-mou2   

  1. 1. Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science, Kunming 650034, Chna;
    2. Dept. of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming 650033, China
  • Received:2004-03-01 Revised:2004-06-20 Online:2004-10-15 Published:2004-10-15

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147 | 21

摘要：

通过对滇池三种不同流域类型的雨季初始期三场降雨径流的汇水河道的入湖口水质和流量监测 ,重点分析了典型城市纳污河流、城乡结合型河道和农业重污染区河道的营养盐携带状况与特征。研究结果表明 :不同流域类型河流的氮磷营养盐入湖总量受降雨过程及特征、流域类型特征、降雨径流流量、径流水营养盐浓度综合控制。城乡结合型河道 (大清河 )有最高的TP、KN (凯氏N)、NH3 N、NO3 N和NO2 N入湖总量 ,三场降雨累积量分别为11374 3、 12 7971 7、 85 36 5 4、 92 3 4和 84 1 2kg ;城市纳污河流 (乌龙河 )有最高的单位面积入湖总量负荷 ,TP、KN、NH3 N和NO2 N分别为 5 35 7、 5 86 0 5、 382 1 9和 2 4 6kg/km2 。

关键词: 滇池流域, 降雨径流, 氮磷, 入湖总量

Abstract:

This article focuses on analysis of status and characteristics of nutrient salts carried in typical rivers in the urban areas, the combination of urban and rural areas and the severely polluted agricultural areas by monitoring water quality and flow at outfall of rivers into lake after three rainfall events during early wet season in three different catchments of Dianchi Lake. The research result indicates that total quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the rivers into the lake in different catchments are generally controlled by rainfall process and characteristics of catchments, runoff flow and concentration of nutrient salts in runoff water. After three rainfall events, the maximum values of TP, KN, NH 3-N, NO 3-N and NO 2-N into lake appear in the river (Daqing river) at combination of urban and rural areas, with accumulated quantities of 11,374.3, 127,971.7, 85,365.4, 923.4 and 841.2 kg respectively, while the maximum unit area loadings of TP, KN, NH 3-N and NO 2-N into lake appear in the river (Wulong river) at urban area, with values of 535.7, 5,860.5, 3,821.9 and 24.6 kg/km 2. It is very complicated that the rainfall process influences the nitric and phosphoric nutrient salts which flow into Dianchi Lake by rivers in different typical catchments areas. Among the influencing factors, rainfall of the initial stage, rainfall frequency and rainfall intensity are very important. The runoff amount of nitric and phosphoric nutrient salts is controlled by changing curves of flux functional equation Q(t) and concentration functional equation C(t) finally during the rainfall process, with different conditions of dry time length, land use status, district draining status and properties of suspended particulate matter. So the total quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the rivers into the lake are different. Research reveals that the conception of total loading capacity in unit area in the rivers into the lake can simplify the calibration of important parameters of hydrological models and kinetics models which have all kinds of remove and transformation processes. The total amounts of nitrogen (counted as Kjedahl's N) in rivers into Dianchi Lake in unit area have such a sequence of Wulong river (5860.5kg/km 2)>Daqing river (1421.9kg/km 2)>Baoxiang river (129.0kg/km 2). The total quantities of phosphorus(counted as TP) in rivers into Dianchi Lake in unit area have such a sequence of Wulong river (535.7kg/km 2)>Daqing river (126.4kg/km 2)>Baoxiang river (22.2kg/km 2). The most highest total amounts of Kjedahl's N and TP in rivers into the lake appeared in the river at urban area and the most lowest total amounts appeared in the river at rural area. Although the amounts and concentration of NO 3-N and NO 2-N have been raised obviously, the amounts of NO 3-N and NO 2-N which flowed into Dianchi Lake in unit area are still the lowest. The amounts of NO 2-N observe a sequence of Wulong river (24.6kg/km 2)>Daqing river (9.35kg/km 2)>Baoxiang river (4.12kg/km 2). The amounts sequence of NO 3-N is arranged with Daqing river (10.3kg/km 2)>Wulong river (5.71kg/km 2)>Baoxiang river (5.10kg/km 2). All these evidences testify that the discharges of NO 3-N and NO 2-N are still influenced comparatively by city residential areas.

Key words: Dianchi Lake catchments, rainfall runoff, nitrogen, phosphorus and total amount into lake