地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2004, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 657-666.doi: 10.11821/yj2004050010

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江上游卵石推移特性变化及驱动力分析

王渺林1,2,3, 夏军1, 刘德春2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101;
    2. 长江水利委员会长江上游水文水资源勘测局,重庆400014;
    3. 中国科学院研究生院,北京100039
  • 收稿日期:2004-02-05 修回日期:2004-06-01 出版日期:2004-10-15 发布日期:2004-10-15
  • 作者简介:王渺林(1975-),男,安徽黄山人,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所博士生,长江水利委员会长江 上游水文水资源勘测局工程师。从事流域水沙模拟和水环境研究。E-mai:wangml@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCXZSW317)

Changes and driving forces of the transport characteristics of the pebble bed load in the upper reaches of Yangtze River

WANG Miao-lin1,2,3, XIA Jun1, LIU De-chun2   

  1. 1. Key Lab. of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. Bureau of Hydrology &|Water Resources Survey of the Upper Yangtze River, Chongqing 400014, China;
    3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
  • Received:2004-02-05 Revised:2004-06-01 Online:2004-10-15 Published:2004-10-15

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摘要：

长江上游的水沙特性变化 ,直接关系到三峡工程的调度运行。朱沱站和寸滩站是长江上游与三峡水库的水沙主要控制站。本文分析了朱沱、寸滩站卵石推移特性的近期变化 ,发现寸滩站从 1981年起、朱沱站从 1991年起卵石推移特性发生了明显变化 ,主要体现在 :1)卵石推移量系统减小 :朱沱站 1992～ 2 0 0 1年卵石年均推移量比 1975～ 1991年减少了 4 6 9% ,寸滩站 1982～ 2 0 0 1年比 196 6～ 1981减少了 4 0 6 % ;2 )推移质粒径细化 ,中数粒径细化了约11mm ;3)流量 -输沙率关系发生明显变化 :朱沱站输沙率系数B减少 4 7 5 % ,寸滩站系数B减少 4 1 1% ;4 )输沙不平衡量增大 ,计算的磨损系数增大近 70 %。长江上游卵石推移特性变化的驱动力分析结果表明 :采取水土流失治理等措施是直接原因 ,水利工程拦沙和建筑材料开采等人类活动是主要影响因素。依据上述分析 ,本文指出 ,应当继续加强水土保持建设 ,尽快开展长江上游和支流泥沙运移和淤积情况及规律调研。并建议以可开采沙量为依据 ,严格控制采沙。

关键词: 卵石推移质, 三峡工程, 长江上游, 驱动力, 泥沙

Abstract:

Analysis on the changes of the characteristics of runoff and sediment in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is necessary to the operation and management of the Three Gorges Project. Zhutuo and Cuntan hydro-stations are the major water and sediment reference points for the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Reservoir. Through analyzing the field data of the annual runoff and the pebble bed load (the PBL) across Zhutuo hydro-station from 1975 to 2001 and Cuntan hydro-station from 1966 to 2001,we concluded that the characteristics of the PBL of the upper reaches of Yangtze River change markedly. First of all, the mean annual transportation amount decreased distinctly: the transportation amount at Zhutuo station from 1992 to 2001 decreased by 46.9% compared with that from 1975 to 1991;and the transportation amount at Cuntan station from 1982 to 2001 decreased by 40.6% compared with that from 1966 to 1981. Secondly, the grading sizes of the PBL became smaller: the median granule diameter decreases 11 mm. Thirdly, the relationship between bed load rate and hydraulic factors changed obviously: the parameters B decreased by 47.5% at Zhutuo hydro-station and 41.1% at Cuntan hydro-station. Finally, the sediment discharge imbalance increased: the calculated abrasion parameter between Zhutuo and Cuntan hydro-stations increased by about 70%. Based on the fore study, the driving causes for the changes of the characteristics of the PBL in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed. Firstly, the measures adopted such as soil and water conservation are the direct reason. Next, because the runoff keeps the same during different periods, the runoff has nothing to do with the above changes. Thirdly, it was concluded that the main causes are that more sediments which are being used as timbering are excavated from the watercourse and soil and water conservation prevent sediments from entering the main channel of the Yangtze River. Based on the above analysis,it is pointed out that soil and water conservation should be strengthened.And it is important for us to investigate the current conditions and the patterns of siltation and silt movement in tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Finally, it is suggested that the sands excavation should be confined strictly according to the capacity of sand that can be excavated.

Key words: pebble bed load, driving forces, the upper reaches of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Project