地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2005, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 1-10.doi: 10.11821/yj2005010001

• 论文 •    下一篇

小麦水分生产函数及其效益的研究

刘昌明1,2, 周长青1,3, 张士锋1, 王小莉2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京 100101;
    2. 中国科学院原石家庄农业现代化研究所, 石家庄 050021;
    3. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039
  • 收稿日期:2004-08-05 修回日期:2004-11-15 出版日期:2005-02-15 发布日期:2005-02-15
  • 作者简介:刘昌明(1934-),男,汉族,湖南岳阳人,中国科学院院士。长期从事水文水资源研究,发表论文、 著作150余篇。
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCXZSW317)

Study on water production function and efficiency of wheat

LIU Chang-ming1,2, ZHUO Chang-qing1,3, ZHANG Shi-feng1, WANG Xiao-li2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. Institute of Agricultural Modernization, CAS, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;
    3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
  • Received:2004-08-05 Revised:2004-11-15 Online:2005-02-15 Published:2005-02-15

PDF (PC)

赞

被引次数

120 | 29

摘要：

我国北方地区水资源短缺,有限的降水不足以满足小麦生长所需的水量,为了避免因缺水造成的减产,需要实施灌溉以补充水分。本文讨论了灌水与小麦产量的关系,并以小麦田间试验数据为基础,采用最小二乘法原理,拟合了小麦的水分生产函数模型,通过耗水资料的分析整理,揭示了小麦的水分效应及需水规律。对典型灌溉制度下小麦水分生产函数的分析表明,水资源投入的最佳效益点并非水分利用效率的最高点和产量最高点,小麦灌水效益最佳点的确定原则为边际收益等于边际成本,合理利用小麦灌溉生产函数及其规律,可以实现小麦节水、高产、高效的较好统一。

关键词: 水分生产函数, 水分利用效率, 灌水效益, 小麦

Abstract:

Water is scarce in the North China Plain and the limited precipitation is not enough to satisfy the water requirement for wheat growth. In order to avoid reduction of output caused by scarcity of water, irrigation is necessary to supplement water. This paper discusses the relationship between the amount of irrigation and the yield of wheat. Statistical analysis of experimental data of irrigation indicates that the relationship between yield of wheat and irrigation presents a quadratic parabola in North China. We fit the model of wheat water production function by adopting least squares theory on the basis of field experimental data of wheat. Water production function is quadratic function and its math expression is Y=-0.0027ET 2+2.8647ET-127.91. Water productivity is divided into three different development stages according to the changing rule of water use efficiency and the relationship between yield and water consumption. Water consumtion being less than 217.66mm is identified as the first stage when yield rises with the rise of water consumption, and productivity rises gradually at this stage. Water consumption at the second stage rises from 217.66mm to 530.50mm and the yield still rises with the rise of water consumption, but the range of rise reduces. The productivity rises slowly.Water consumption at the third stage exceeds 530.50mm and the yield reduces with the rise of water consumption. Negative rise occurs and productivity declines. The analysis of wheat irrigation production function under typical irrigation system indicates that the best point of irrigation efficiency of wheat is not the highest point of utilization ratio of water or the highest point of yield. The best point of irrigation efficiency of wheat is decided by the principle that marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost. When marginal benefit equals marginal cost, net income of irrigation of wheat is the biggest. The maximal net income is 4816.49 yuan/ha, and irrigation water is 265.00mm at this time. Compared with the irrigation of the maximal yield, it saves 17.85mm of water . Making rational use of wheat water irrigation production function and its regularity can realize the better unification of water-saving, high-yield and high-efficiency of wheat.

Key words: water production function, water use efficiency, irrigation efficiency, wheat