关键词: Holdridge生命地带, 生命地带多样性, 时空分布, 响应模式

Abstract:

On the basis of analyzing ecogeographical models and studying those methods being realized at the present time, a new research method integrated by ARC/INFO and VC++ is put forward, which can overcome those limitations existed in the previous methods and techniques. In the operational process of our methods , before the Holdridge life zone model and ecological diversity model are simulated, the original data are interpolated and become grid data. Based on the daily surface air temperature and precipitation data observed at 735 stations in China from 1960 to 2002, and through runing these models with our available methods and techniques, we obtained the serial maps of temporal and spatial distribution of Holdridge life zones and the value of Holdridge life zone diversity in China. After finishing all simulations, we carried out a series of analyses with these results. First, according to the serial maps of temporal and spatial distribution of Holdridge life zones, we found changes in spatial distribution of Holdridge life zones correspond well with the changes of the climatic factors and land cover. Second, through comparing and analyzing Holdridge life zone diversity, annual mean biotemperature and annual mean precipitation in our research period of time, some rules and phenomena are archived in China: 1) The fluctuated changing pattern occurs in the Holudridge life diversity, biotemperature and precipitation. 2) While the fluctuated directions of precipitation and biotemperature are the same, the fluctuated direction of the Holdridge life diversity accords with them. However, 3) while the fluctuated directions of precipitation and biotemperature are reversed,more intensive fluctuated changing pattern would occur in the Holdridge life zone diversity and the fluctuated intensity and scope would increase with the enlargement of the reversed ratio. Furthermore, through analysing the Holdridge life zone diversity, shape index of patches and patch connectivity of the Holdridge life zone in China during the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, we attained the analytical results that the Holdridge life zone diversity, the number of patches and the number of patch types present a decreasing trend at ratios of 0.0692%, 1.7293% and 1.3515% in every ten years, respectively. Whereas the shape index of patches and the patch connectivity present an increasing trend at ratio of 0.2526% and 3.7928% in every ten years. Finally, we discuss the relationship between life zone diversity and eco-environmental stability according to the above results.

Key words: Holdridge life zone, life zone diversity, temporal and spatial distribution, response pattern