渤海风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流的数值模拟与季相时空变异

doi:10.11821/yj2005030004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用HellermanandRosenstein全球风应力资料中的多年月平均风场资料驱动ECOM模型,设计了潮致、纯风生以及风与潮两者叠加三个数值实验对渤海海域风驱-潮致拉格朗日(Lagrange)余流的逐月时空分布与季节变化进行了模拟。研究结果表明,季风的大小和方向决定了渤海风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流的大小和方向,是影响余流流向和流速的重要因素。冬季,从渤海西岸到莱州湾海域风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流表现出一个大逆时针环流,辽东湾呈现顺时针方向流动,渤海中部存在一个弱的顺时针流环。夏季,整个渤海海域呈现顺时针流况,渤海海盆存在一微弱的逆时针涡旋,一支西南向流沿辽东湾东岸穿越渤海海盆,与起自渤海湾的东向流一起进入莱州湾。风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流主要受风的控制,潮汐则起到一定的调整作用。

关键词: 渤海, 风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流, 数值模拟, 季相变化, 时空变异

Abstract:

Though the Bohai Sea hydrodynamic processes have been investigated and researched for a long period, because of its transpositional meteorological forces, its natural environment and the nonlinear interaction within the water column, it is impossible to thoroughly understanding of the hydrodynamic characteristics, especially those related to the sediment transport, i.e., the Lagrangian residual circulation （LRC hereafter） in the Bohai Sea, which is the key hydrodynamic processes we concern. By using the three-dimensional baroclinic model-ECOM, driven by the monthly-mean wind stresses calculated by Helleman and Rosenstein, the general circulation patterns and spatial-temporal variations are simulated, in which, three possible states, i.e., net wind-driven LRC, net tide-induced LRC and the coupling result of the above two factors, are considered. The tide-induced LRC of M₂ constituent bears an identical pattern in four seasons in the Bohai Sea: the amplitude of the surface one is weak, and non-directional; however, there exists a southeast current from the Bohai strait to the Laizhou Bay, and a weak anticlockwise gyre in the south of the Bohai strait for the bottom constituent. The amplitude of bottom tide-induced LRC is larger than the surface one, and moreover, it bears a significant contribution in the whole LRC in the Bohai Sea. Unlike the identical structure of the tide-induced LRC, the wind-driven LRC varies seasonally under the controlling wind field. It forms a distinct circulation under the summer and winter monsoons in January and July respectively, but it seems weak and non-directional in April and September. The amplitude and direction of the wind-driven and tide-induced coupling LRCs are controlled by monsoon, which is one of the most significant factors in the Bohai Sea. There exists an anticlockwise gyre from the west coast of the Bohai Sea to the Laizhou Bay, a clockwise gyre within the Liaodong Bay, and a weak clockwise circulation in the middle of the Bohai Sea in winter. And there is a clockwise circulation along the shelf of the Bohai Sea, and an anticlockwise gyre in the Liaodong Bay in summer. Furthermore, the tide-induced LRCs, whose bottom component is the dominant one, plays an important role in local LRCs, especially at the Laotieshan waterway, east of the Liaodong Bay, top of the Bohai Bay and the estuary of Huanghe River.

Key words: Bohai Sea, wind-driven and tide-induced Lagrangian residual circulation, numerical model, seasonal variations, spatial-temporal variation

李国胜, 王海龙, 李柏良. 渤海风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流的数值模拟与季相时空变异[J]. 地理研究, 2005, 24(3): 359-370.

LI Guo-sheng, WANG Hai-long, LI Bai-liang. Numerical simulation on the wind-driven and tide-induced Lagrangian residual circulation and its seasonal spatial-temporal variations in the Bohai Sea[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2005, 24(3): 359-370.

参考文献

[1] 管秉贤.中国沿岸的表面海流与风的关系的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,1957,1(1):95～122.
[2] 管秉贤.有关我国近海海流研究的若干问题.海洋与湖沼,1962,4(3):121～141.
[3] 沈鸿书,毛汉礼.渤海及北黄海西部的基本水文特征.海洋科学集刊,1964,(增刊):1～10.
[4] 赵保仁,庄国文,曹德明.渤海的环流、潮余流及其对沉积物分布的影响.海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):466～473.
[5] Miao Jingbang,Liu Xingquan. A numerica. st udy of t he winter time circulation in t he Nort hern Huanghai Sea andt he Bo hai Sea,Part I:Basic characteristics of t he circulation1 Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1988,(3):216～226.
[6] 郑连远.三维潮致拉格朗日余流的数值计算及其在渤海中的应用.青岛海洋大学学报,1992,22(1):39～49.
[7] 王辉.渤海三维风驱-热盐-潮致拉格朗日余流数值计算.海洋学报,1993,15(1):9～21.
[8] Mao Hanli,Guan Bingxian. A note on t he circulation of t he East China Sea.Proceedings of t he J apan - China ocean st udy symposium on“Physical oceanograp hy and marine engineering in t he East China Sea”,October 28229,1981,special report of Instit ute of Oceanic Research,Shimizu:Tokai U niversit y,1～24.
[9] Chio B. Note on current s driven by a steady uniform wind st ress on t he Yellow Sea and t he East China Sea,LaMer,1982,20:65～74.
[10] 张淑珍,奚盘根,冯世笮.渤海环流数值模拟.山东海洋学院学报,1984,14(2):12～18.
[11] 窦振兴,张存智,张砚峰.渤海风海流数值计算.海洋学报,1986,8(5):527～533.
[12] 缪经榜,刘兴泉.北黄海和渤海冬季环流动力学数值实验.海洋学报,1989,11(1):15～22.
[13] 刘兴泉,缪经榜,季仲贞.渤海冬季环流数值研究.大气科学,1989,13(3):280～288.
[14] Zhao Jinping,Shi Maochong. Numerical modeling of t he t hree2dimensional characteristics of t he wind driven current in t he Bohai Sea1 Chinese Journal of Oceonology and Limnology,1993,11(1):70～79.
[15] 黄大吉,陈宗镛,苏纪兰.三维陆架海模式在渤海中的应用I.潮流、风驱环流及其相互作用.海洋学报,1996,18(5):1～15.
[16] 赵保仁,曹德明.渤海冬季环流形成机制动力学分析及数值研究1海洋与湖沼,1998,29(1):86～96.
[17] Feng Shizuo1 A t hree-dimensional weakly nonlinear dynamics on tide-induced Lagrangian residual current and masst ransport1 Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1986,4(2):129～158.
[18] Feng Shizuo,Cheng Ralp h T,Xi Pangen. On tide-induced Lagrangian residual current and residual t ransport1 Water Resources Research,1986,22(12):1623～1646.
[19] Feng Shizuo1 A t hree dimensional weakly nonlinear model of tide2induced Lagrangian residual current and masst ransport,wit h an application to t he Bohai Sea. In:Nihoul J C J,Jamart B M(eds1). Three Dimensional Modelsof Marine and Est uarine Dynamics. Elsevier Oceanography Publishers1 Amsterdam Oxford - New York,1987.471～488.
[20] 黄祖珂,王学昌. ADI法的计算结果及分析.山东海洋学院学报,1988,18(2):48～49.
[21] 王化桐.有限元法的计算结果及分析.山东海洋学院学报,1988,18(2):49～50.
[22] Sun Wenxin,Xi Pangen,Song Lina1 Numerical calculation of t he t hree2dimensional tide2induced Lagrangian residual circulation in t he Bo hai Sea. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,1989,19(2):27～36.
[23] 王辉,王为民.渤海冬季三维环流数值模拟.青岛海洋大学学报,1994,24(4):463～470.
[24] Feng Shizuo. On t he circulation in Bo hai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea. In:Hong G H,et al.(eds.).Healt h of t he Yellow Sea. Korea:KORDI,19981 43～78.
[25] 魏皓.浅海环流物理的理论与数值研究.青岛:青岛海洋大学博士论文,1999.
[26] Wei Hao,Wu Jianping1 Pohlmann Tho mas1 A simulation on t he seasonal variation of t he circulation and t ransportin t he Bohai Sea. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai and Bohai Seas,2001,19(2),1～9.
[27] 周旭波,孙文心,苏键.东中国海潮余流自适应数值模拟.青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(2):173～178.
[28] 江文胜,吴德星,高会旺.渤海夏季底层环流的观测与模拟.青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(4):511～518.
[29] Blumberg A F,Mellor G L. A description for a t hree2dimensional coastal ocean circulation model1 Heap s N S.(ed.). Three2Dimensional Coastal Models,Vol1 41 Washington D C:American Geop hysical U nion,1986.
[30] Mellor G L,Yamada T1 Develop ment of a t urbulence clo sure model for geop hysical fluid p roblem1 Rev1 Geop hys.Space Phys.,1982,20:851～857.
[31] Smagorinsky J. General circulation experiment s wit h t he primitive equations1 I:The basic experiment s. MonWeat her Rev.,1963,91:99～164.
[32] Mellor G L,Yamada T1 A hierarchy of t urbulence clo sure models for planetary boundary layers1 J. At mo s. Sci.,1974,13:1791～1806.
[33] Fang G,Yang J1 A t wo-dimensional numerical model of t he tidal motions in t he Bohai Sea1 Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1985,3(2):135～152.
[34] 王凯,方国洪,冯士笮.渤海、黄海、东海M₂潮汐潮流的三维数值模拟.海洋学报,1999,21(4):1～13.
[35] 顾玉荷,修日晨.渤海海流概况及其输沙作用初析.黄渤海海洋,1996,14(1):1～6.
[36] 王凯,冯士笮,施心慧.渤、黄、东海夏季环流的三维斜压模型.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(5):551～560.