关键词: 农村改革, 政治生态学, 国家政策, 资源利用模式, 北京市

Abstract:

This paper aims to illustrate the changes and the relationship between resource use patterns and state policies in the rural area of Beijing city with viewpoint of political ecology in China's rapid economic growth since reform and opening up. Based on years of fieldwork from 1995, the results of the survey lead to the following conclusions. First, agricultural crop production has changed as the influence of the agricultural production policies has changed. Second, the agricultural land productivity of Beijing city was influenced either by natural conditions or the changes in governmental policies. Third, rural industries in rural areas of Beijing city are centralized in those parts of the plain close to the city proper. Fourth, based on changes of agricultural land productivity and gross income of the township and village enterprises in each township of Beijing city in 1989 and 1999, four changing patterns in rural areas during this period can be defined. These four patterns are formulated under the interaction of natural conditions, social economic conditions, and agricultural production policies. Fifth, The changes in agricultural production among rural regions are diversified in Beijing city. The reason for the diversification is doubtless that, because of varying natural conditions, different agricultural production policies have been applied to each agricultural region, leading to differences in crop production. That is to say, the roles of state and municipal government policies are very important. It can understand from the case villages that, since the reform and opening up to the outside world, the relation between rural reform and the ecological environment of Beijing city is different to the way it appears in existing studies. It appears that it has a regional specialty. Its main feature is that, in general, the regional ecological environment is not damaged by the changes of the state policies, but, on the contrary, is somehow improved. A political ecological perspective should highlight not only the impact of political-economic relationships on resource use patterns, but also the significance of environmental variables and how their interaction with political economic forces influences human – environment relationships.

Key words: agricultural and rural reform, political ecology, state policies, resource use patterns, Beijing city